W27-L9: Type 2 Diabetes Oral Hypoglycaemic agents

Question 1

What is the impaired secretion in T2D?

Answer 1

Early phase after glucose load is lost

Question 2

How do Sulphonylureas work?

Answer 2

Inhibits K-ATP channels which causes Ca2+ entry and insulin secretion from pancreas

Question 3

What is the insulin receptor and what does it cause?

Answer 3

Cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor, causes recruitment of Glut-4 transporter to cell membrane

Question 4

What is an example of a biguanide and what do they do?

Answer 4

Metformin, worse by increasing peripheral glucose uptake, reduced hepatic glucose production

Question 5

How does metformin work?

Answer 5

Activates AMP kinase

Question 6

What do sulfonylureas overall target?

Answer 6

Relative lack of insulin

Question 7

What do Biguanides overall target?

Answer 7

Insulin resistance

Question 8

What is an example of an Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and how do they work?

Answer 8

Acarbose, works by blocking the enzymes that digest & promote absorption of starches in the small intestine

Question 9

What do Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors overall target?

Answer 9

Glucose absorption

Question 10

When are incretins released and what do they do?

Answer 10

Incretins are released when we eat, increase insulin in a glucose dependent manner

Question 11

How do DDP-4 inhibitors work?

Answer 11

Increase native GLP-1 levels