W26-L6: Autoimmune Diabetes

Question 1

Does type 1 diabetes show Antibody mediated auto-immunity?

Answer 1

No, unlikely to play a direct pathogenic role in T1D as self-antigens are segregated inside the cell

Question 2

Why is T1D autoimmune?

Answer 2

• autoantibodies
• establish antigen
• induce similar antibodies
• benefits of immunosuppression

Question 3

What are the pre-clincial stages in development of T1D?

Answer 3

Long pre-clinical period where auto-antibodies

can still be discovered, main immunopathology occurs during this time

Question 4

What are the clincial stages in development of T1D?

Answer 4

Precipitating event causes overt immunological abnormalities, progressive loss of insulin and then diabetes

Question 5

Is one autoantibody for T1D a large risk?

Answer 5

No, multiple confers a large risk

Question 6

Is destruction of islets in T1D linear?

Answer 6

No, there are different islets at different stages of pathology within the same patient

Question 7

What is APS-1 Syndrome?

Answer 7

Loss of thymic tolerance to peripheral antigens due to mutations in AIRE gene

Question 8

What is IPEX?

Answer 8

Mutation of FoxP3 gene which controls Treg cells

Question 9

What locus is implicated in T1D inheritance?

Answer 9

HLA and insulin locus

Question 10

What do T cells recognise in T1D?

Answer 10

region in C peptide, in the context of HLA DQ8