w1 mc qs Flashcards
Which historical figure is considered the first experimental psychologist?
A. Aristotle
B. Wilhelm Wundt
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Gustav Fechner
b
How did structuralism approach the study of the mind?
A. By examining observable behavior
B. By breaking the mind into the smallest elements of mental experience
C. By focusing on the unconscious mind
D. By studying the biological basis of behavior
b
Why was introspection criticized as a method in psychology?
A. It was based on empirical observation.
B. It relied on subjective personal reports.
C. It emphasized external behaviors over internal thoughts.
D. It focused solely on biological processes.
b
What is the main focus of functionalism in psychology?
A. Understanding the smallest elements of experience
B. Explaining how behavior contributes to survival
C. Emphasizing the unconscious mind
D. Studying brain chemistry exclusively
b
Which psychologist introduced client-centered therapy?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Carl Rogers
C. William James
D. Mary Calkins
b
How does classical conditioning explain behavior?
A. Through the direct influence of genetics
B. By linking environmental cues to emotional responses
C. By breaking down consciousness into sensations
D. By focusing on motivation
b
What is the focus of evolutionary psychology?
A. Understanding how current behaviors contribute to reproductive success
B. Studying mental disorders and their treatments
C. Examining societal impacts on mental processes
D. Investigating cognitive processes such as memory
a
Which of the following best describes voluntarism?
A. Behavior is determined by external stimuli only.
B. Conscious will and choice determine thoughts and actions.
C. Behavior is a product of instinctive drives.
D. Experiences are dictated by unconscious motives.
b
What distinguishes cognitive psychology from behaviorism?
A. Cognitive psychology focuses on internal processes like memory and problem-solving, while behaviorism emphasizes observable behaviors.
B. Cognitive psychology studies emotions exclusively.
C. Behaviorism avoids experimentation.
D. Behaviorism is less concerned with animal behavior.
a
How did Mary Calkins bridge structuralism and functionalism?
A. By dismissing both perspectives
B. By arguing that both aimed to understand consciousness
C. By focusing solely on the unconscious
D. By advocating for animal studies
b
How do social psychologists view behavior?
A. As isolated from environmental influences
B. As shaped by social and cultural diversity and individual differences
C. As entirely determined by genetics
D. As unrelated to memory processes
b
What does the law of effect suggest about behavior?
A. Positive outcomes decrease behavior frequency.
B. Behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes are more likely to recur.
C. Negative reinforcement eliminates all behaviors.
D. Conditioning does not influence behavior.
b
what is the role of repression in memory, according to clinical psychology?
A. Enhancing memory recall
B. Blocking access to traumatic experiences
C. Improving cognitive processing
D. Strengthening associative memory
b
How did Maslow’s humanistic approach differ from Freud’s theories?
A. Maslow focused on human potential and growth, while Freud emphasized psychological dysfunction.
B. Maslow relied on psychoanalysis.
C. Freud rejected the unconscious mind.
D. Maslow studied animal behavior exclusively.
a
Why is the holistic framework important in Indigenous worldviews?
A. It isolates emotional experiences.
B. It integrates physical, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual aspects in relation to the land and community.
C. It focuses on biological processes exclusively.
D. It rejects social influences.
b
How do social neuroscientists integrate psychological perspectives?
A. By focusing on environmental influences exclusively
B. By investigating how social inclusion or rejection affects biological processes
C. By studying cultural impacts on memory retrieval
D. By emphasizing behaviorism
b
why was the cognitive revolution significant?
A. It rejected internal processes like thinking and reasoning.
B. It reintroduced the study of private mental processes that behaviorism avoided.
C. It focused solely on animal behavior.
D. It dismissed brain structures’ roles in cognition.
b
What contribution did Penfield make to psychology?
A. Developing the theory of psychoanalysis
B. Creating detailed functional maps of the human brain during epilepsy surgery
C. Introducing the law of effect
D. Advocating for behaviorism
b
How does developmental psychology contribute to understanding behavior?
A. It analyzes only childhood experiences.
B. It examines normal behavioral changes across the lifespan.
C. It focuses exclusively on memory processing.
D. It rejects cultural influences.
b
How does Gestalt psychology differ from structuralism?
A. Gestalt psychology emphasizes the whole perception, while structuralism breaks it into elements.
B. Gestalt focuses on animal behavior.
C. Structuralism studies the unconscious mind.
D. Structuralism rejects experimentation.
a
