quiz 1 qs Flashcards
Which of the following best describes the structuralist versus functionalist perspectives?
A) The structuralists were more focused on describing conscious experience, whereas the functionalists were more focused on explaining conscious experience.
B) The structuralists were more focused on explaining conscious experience, whereas the functionalists were more focused on describing conscious experience.
C) The structuralists were more focused on explaining unconscious experience, whereas the functionalists were more focused on describing unconscious experience.
D) The structuralists were more focused on describing unconscious experience, whereas the functionalists were more focused on explaining unconscious experience.
A
Psychology’s status as a “hub science” is best exemplified by its role in which interdisciplinary breakthroughs?
A) The collaboration with genetics to uncover hereditary influences on behavior and mental health disorders.
B) The application of psychological principles in economic decision-making models (behavioral economics) and public policy.
C) The integration of cognitive neuroscience with AI research to advance machine learning algorithms.
D) All of the listed options are correct as they represent psychology’s foundational role across diverse scientific and practical domains.
D
In the context of research design, what is the primary purpose of operationalization?
to translate abstract constructs into measurable variables
This neurotransmitter can be found in all motor neurons.
acetylcholine
Once released, neurotransmitters drift across the synaptic gap and come in contact with receptor sites located on:
the dendrites of the receiving neurons
A school principal wants to investigate whether there is a relationship between the number of hours students spend studying per week and their final exam scores. She collects data from 100 students, recording both variables for each student. Which of the following would be the most appropriate way to visually represent this data?
A) A pie chart, to show the percentage of students studying different amounts
B) A line graph, to track changes in exam scores over time
C) A scatterplot, to examine the relationship between study hours and exam scores
D) A bar graph, to compare average study hours across different students
C
Dr. Patel is studying the effectiveness of FocusMax, a new supplement designed to improve concentration. She randomly assigns 150 participants to one of three groups: a placebo group (0 mg), a low-dose group (10 mg), or a high-dose group (30 mg). To measure concentration levels, she has participants complete a sustained attention task while monitoring their brain activity using EEG.
dependent variable: concentration levels during a sustained attention task
independent variable: the amount of FocusMax
Which aspect of Dr. Patel’s study design (described in the previous question) ensures that differences in concentration are due to the supplement rather than individual differences among participants?
random assignment of participants to different dosage groups
Which of the following conclusions could have been drawn from a correlational study?
A) Partying more than two nights a week causes university students to perform worse on tests and exams.
B) The recent increase in online classes is associated with decreased visual acuity amongst post-secondary students.
C) Most UofT students are unhappy with the amount of construction around campus.
D) Drinking two or more energy drinks a day results in a reduced quantity of sleep in students aged 18–25.
B
During a poorly designed experiment of the effects of cannabis use on mood, the cannabis group is assessed during the month of December, whereas the control group is tested during the month of January. In the context of this experiment, time of year is a(n):
confounding variable
Descriptive studies often lead to claims about the ______________ , whereas correlational studies often lead to claims about _____________ .
frequency of a behaviour; relationships between variables
random selection is important for ____________; whereas random assignment is important for ____________
external validity; internal validity
frontal lobe function
regulating emotions and decision making
parietal lobe function
processing touch and spatial awareness
occipital lobe function
processing visual stimuli
temporal lobe function
processing sounds and language comprehension
corpus callosum functions
transfer info from one hemisphere to another
connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain
Sophia’s daughter insists on getting a “Sparkle Doll” for her birthday, even though there are many other similar dolls available. Despite Sophia showing her less expensive alternatives, her daughter refuses, saying she wants the Sparkle Doll because she has seen it in commercials where happy children play with it. Upon hearing this story, which figure from the history of psychology would be the most likely to say “Of course, this directly corresponds to my beliefs!”.
john watson
What is the primary concern when assessing test-retest reliability over an extended time period?
the potential for changes in the construct being measured
Which statement accurately describes the difference between heredity and heritability?
A) Heredity is influenced by environmental factors, while heritability is purely genetic.
B) Heredity is the likelihood of inheriting a specific trait, while heritability determines whether a trait is dominant or recessive.
C) Heredity explains how traits are passed from parents to offspring, while heritability quantifies the genetic influence on trait variation within a population.
D) Heritability refers to traits inherited by individuals, whereas heredity only applies to populations.
C
Which research question would most likely be investigated by a cognitive psychologist rather than a clinical psychologist:
A) How do individuals with depression respond to different types of therapy?
B) What brain processes are involved in storing and retrieving long-term memories?
C) How can therapists help clients cope with anxiety disorders?
D) What are the most effective treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
B
dendrite function
receives incoming signals
inhibitory signal function
hyperpolarizes the neuron
agonist function
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
myelin sheath function
provides an insulating layer around an axon
