vowels

Question 1

vowels

Answer 1

use pulmonic airstream
voiced
open vocal tract

Question 2

resonate

Answer 2

vibrate in response to force

Question 3

air filled tubes resonate depending on

Answer 3

open at one end or both ends
length
shape
vocal tract diameter

Question 4

Fo

Answer 4

rate of vf vibration

Question 5

pitch

Answer 5

perceptual correlate of Fo

Question 6

Fo controlled by

Answer 6

cricothyroid/thryoarytenoid contraction
sub glottal pressure

Question 7

frequency of string depends on

Answer 7

length tension density

Question 8

harmonics

Answer 8

positive # multiples of fo
vocal folds = source

Question 9

formants

Answer 9

bands of frequency in spectrum
greater intensity

Question 10

resonators

Answer 10

containers of air

Question 11

vocal tract

Answer 11

acts as resonator and filter

Question 12

male vocal tract

Answer 12

17 cm

Question 13

female vocal tract

Answer 13

14 cm

Question 14

calculating wavelength

Answer 14

4 x lengthc

Question 15

calculate frequency w/ velocity

Answer 15

34400/w

Question 16

vocal tract resonate at

Answer 16

odd # multiples of lowest freq

Question 17

vocal tract transfer function

Answer 17

tube closed at one end and open at the other
tube resonate best at 4x length of freq

Question 18

vocal tract transfer equation

Answer 18

Fn = c/l
f1 = lowest freq

Question 19

F1, 2, 3

Answer 19

R1, 3, 5

Question 20

container 1

Answer 20

air behind tongue
pharynx

Question 21

container 2

Answer 21

air above and around tongue
oral

Question 22

formant 1

Answer 22

air in container 1

Question 23

formant 2

Answer 23

air in container 2

Question 24

primary resonating cavities

Answer 24

nasal oral pharyngeal

Question 25

extrinsic muscles

Answer 25

move diff positions

Question 26

intrinsic muscles

Answer 26

curl flatten

Question 27

if lips came forward, vocal tract __, frequency __

Answer 27

bigger
decreases

Question 28

if lips spread, vocal tract __, frequency __

Answer 28

smaller
increases

Question 29

airstream mechanisms

Answer 29

initiating speech sound
pulmonic
velaric
glottalic

Question 30

pulmonic

Answer 30

lungs
most speech sounds

Question 31

velaric

Answer 31

move air out of mouth

Question 32

glottalic

Answer 32

pharynx
upward glottis = air out
downward glottis = air in

Question 33

acoustic energy lost in vocal tract

Answer 33

glottal opening
absorbent pharynx walls
air particle friction

Question 34

source filter model

Answer 34

sounds from larynx
vocal tract resonance
radiation from lips
radiated acoustic pressure wave

Question 35

f1

Answer 35

mouth opening

Question 36

f2

Answer 36

oral cavity size

Question 37

f3

Answer 37

front vs back constriction

Question 38

vocal tract articulatory posture described

Answer 38

tongue height/advancement

Question 39

front vowels open

Answer 39

f1 increases
f2 decreases

Question 40

back vowels open

Answer 40

f1 increases
f2 unclear

Question 41

perception of vowel height

Answer 41

f1

Question 42

vowels back to front

Answer 42

f2 increase inconsistently
f1 and f2 relationship distance increases