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Speech Science > Speech Production > Flashcards

Speech Production Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Central Nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord
give info out

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

cranial nerves
sensory nerves
getting info from environment

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3
Q

afferent

A

bring info to cns

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4
Q

efferent

A

away from cns

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5
Q

neuron

A

building block (brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves)

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6
Q

all or nothing principle

A

relates to nerves
nerve fires all together to transmit info and won’t stop

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7
Q

nerve

A

bundle of neuron fibers

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8
Q

respiration

A

breathing powers
lungs produce energy

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9
Q

phonation

A

production of voice
larynx modifies airstream to produce voice

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10
Q

articulation

A

vocal tract movements
vocal tract modulates airstream using articulators

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11
Q

larynx

A

protect trachea from foreign substances

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12
Q

active articulators

A

lips, uvula, tongue, glottis

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13
Q

lungs

A

pulmonic air

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14
Q

diaphragm

A

changes thoracic volume

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15
Q

resonator

A

something vibrates because of something else

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16
Q

Boyles law

A

volume increase pressure decrease
volume decrease pressure increase

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17
Q

lung expansion

A

volume increase
pressure decrease (negative)

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18
Q

lung contraction

A

volume decrease
pressure increase (positive)

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19
Q

breathing

A

equal inhale and exhale

20
Q

speech breathing

A

10% inhale 90% exhale

21
Q

ventilation

A

moving air into and out

22
Q

volume of air greater in ___

A

speech breathing

23
Q

__ breathing has more automaticity

A

quiet breathing

24
Q

inspiration for __ takes up less of total respiratory cycle

A

speech breathing

25
Q

In __ inspiration is equal to expiration

A

quiet

26
Q

tidal breathing

A

relaxed breathing

27
Q

tidal volume

A

air exchanged during quiet respiration

28
Q

resting lung volume

A

38%

29
Q

active forces

A

muscle contractions

30
Q

passive forces

A

gravity
elastic recoil
surface tension

31
Q

what do the passive forces represent?

A

the relaxation pressure to bring breathing system to equilibrium point

32
Q

when is relaxation pressure positive

A

decrease lung volume

33
Q

when is relaxation pressure negative

A

expands lung volume

34
Q

relaxation curve

A

pressures generated by elastic recoil forces at different vital capacity levels

35
Q

pressures above 60% vital capacity

A

too great to sustain phonation

36
Q

checking action

A

inhibiting relaxation pressure using inspiratory muscles

37
Q

between 60% vital capacity and RLV

A

sustain speech with active muscle contraction and passive relaxation pressure

38
Q

below RLV

A

sustain speech with active muscle contraction

39
Q

average rate of breathing

A

12-20 breaths/min

40
Q

tidal breathing-expiratory phases

A

40% inspiration
60% expiration

41
Q

breath group (phrase)

A

number of words or syllables spoken on one exhalation

42
Q

where does breathing arise from?

A

medulla oblongata

43
Q

motor control

A

phrenic and intercostal nerves and other spinal nerves

44
Q

pulmonic airstream

A

initiator = lungs
egressive directed outward
ingressive directed inward

45
Q

glottalic airstream

A

initiator = glottalic closure
egressive larynx move up and oral closure release
ingressive larynx lower and oral closure release

46
Q

velaric airstream

A

initiator = velar closure
ingressive only
making clicks with tongue

Speech Science (15 decks)

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