Speech Production Flashcards
Central Nervous system
brain and spinal cord
give info out
Peripheral nervous system
cranial nerves
sensory nerves
getting info from environment
afferent
bring info to cns
efferent
away from cns
neuron
building block (brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves)
all or nothing principle
relates to nerves
nerve fires all together to transmit info and won’t stop
nerve
bundle of neuron fibers
respiration
breathing powers
lungs produce energy
phonation
production of voice
larynx modifies airstream to produce voice
articulation
vocal tract movements
vocal tract modulates airstream using articulators
larynx
protect trachea from foreign substances
active articulators
lips, uvula, tongue, glottis
lungs
pulmonic air
diaphragm
changes thoracic volume
resonator
something vibrates because of something else
Boyles law
volume increase pressure decrease
volume decrease pressure increase
lung expansion
volume increase
pressure decrease (negative)
lung contraction
volume decrease
pressure increase (positive)
breathing
equal inhale and exhale
speech breathing
10% inhale 90% exhale
ventilation
moving air into and out
volume of air greater in ___
speech breathing
__ breathing has more automaticity
quiet breathing
inspiration for __ takes up less of total respiratory cycle
speech breathing
In __ inspiration is equal to expiration
quiet
tidal breathing
relaxed breathing
tidal volume
air exchanged during quiet respiration
resting lung volume
38%
active forces
muscle contractions
passive forces
gravity
elastic recoil
surface tension
what do the passive forces represent?
the relaxation pressure to bring breathing system to equilibrium point
when is relaxation pressure positive
decrease lung volume
when is relaxation pressure negative
expands lung volume
relaxation curve
pressures generated by elastic recoil forces at different vital capacity levels
pressures above 60% vital capacity
too great to sustain phonation
checking action
inhibiting relaxation pressure using inspiratory muscles
between 60% vital capacity and RLV
sustain speech with active muscle contraction and passive relaxation pressure
below RLV
sustain speech with active muscle contraction
average rate of breathing
12-20 breaths/min
tidal breathing-expiratory phases
40% inspiration
60% expiration
breath group (phrase)
number of words or syllables spoken on one exhalation
where does breathing arise from?
medulla oblongata
motor control
phrenic and intercostal nerves and other spinal nerves
pulmonic airstream
initiator = lungs
egressive directed outward
ingressive directed inward
glottalic airstream
initiator = glottalic closure
egressive larynx move up and oral closure release
ingressive larynx lower and oral closure release
velaric airstream
initiator = velar closure
ingressive only
making clicks with tongue
