consonants Flashcards
which is primarily an open cavity and which is constricted?
open = vowels
constricted = consonants
which is greater in intensity?
vowels
which is longer in intensity?
vowels
which has lower frequencies?
vowels
which carries the power of speech?
vowels
which delivers intelligibility?
consonants
voiced consonants
periodic
voiceless consonants
aperiodic
90% of acoustic energy carries 10% of the meaning
vowels
10% of acoustic energy carries 90% of the meaning
consonants
consonants
expelling air
constricting the airflow
place
where sound is made
manner
how sound is made
plosive
fricative
affricate
nasal
liquid
glide
voice/voicing
vibration of vocal folds
active articulators
articulators that move
lips
uvula
tongue
glottis
passive articulators
articulators that do not move
palate
alveolar ridge
velum
teeth
epiglottis
pharynx
which are the resonant consonant groups?
liquids
glides
semi vowels
semi vowels
liquids/glides
formant structures
lack nuclei
glides
recognizable by acoustic changes caused by movements of articulators
non nasal phonemes
produced with closed velopharyngeal port
antiresonances
nasal phonemes
open velopharyneal port
nasal
voiced
occlude oral cavity with open velopharyngeal port
nasal formant structures
syllabic
have significant constriction
acoustic evidence for manner
nasal murmur = very low f1
low energy for all formants
f2, f3, vary
fricatives
narrow constriction
little to no formant structure
resonating activity is anterior to constriction
voiceless fricatives
frication noise is sole source
acoustic evidence for place of articulation
lingual alveolar is higher frequencies than lingual-palatal
fricative formants
shift through the frication noise of /f/ and /v/ as the vowel moves from the /I/ to the /u/
stops four acoustic cues
silence
burst noise
voice onset time burst to onset of voicing
post stop vowel formant transition
silence (stop gap)
occlusion to release
voiceless stops
complete silence
voiced stops
varying amount of silence
voicing is low amplitude due to damping
aspiration
brief hiss of air
occurs sometimes after voiceless stops, never after voiced
release burst
transient burst noise upon release of the occulsion and impounded air
broadband grey
affricate
stop with fricative release
spectrogram presents with a stop and fricative characteristics
antiresonance
takes away from resonances
mostly found in nasals
formant transition
transition cues, related to co-articulation.
when both passive and active articulators are activated because they are moving on the next sound
voice onset time
in a stop consonant its the period of time between the release of the energy and the voicing
voiced stop consonants
negative
non voiced stop consonants
positives
