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Speech Science > Acoustics > Flashcards

Acoustics Flashcards

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1
Q

speech science

A

analysis and measurement of all components of the processes involved in production and reception of speech

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2
Q

speech

A

series of sounds strung together

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3
Q

how is speech described

A

pitch
loudness
duration

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4
Q

acoustics

A

study of sound, including origin transmission modification and effects of vibration

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5
Q

perception

A

awareness of a stimulus

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6
Q

frequency

A

Hz
pitch
cycle/sec

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7
Q

intensity

A

dB
loudness

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8
Q

sound is produced when

A

energy
vibrating source
medium of transmission

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9
Q

psychological phenomenon of sound

A

hearing something

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10
Q

physical phenomenon of sound

A

vibration of molecules

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11
Q

are sound waves present even if no one is there to hear them?

A

yes

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12
Q

sine wave

A

pure tone w/ simple harmonic motion

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13
Q

cycle

A

completion of one compression and one rarefaction

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14
Q

wavelength

A

length of one complete cycle of a wave

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15
Q

amplitude

A

greatest distance a mass moves from its position of rest

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16
Q

waves

A

the succession of molecules being shoved together and pulled about

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17
Q

compression

A

molecules being shoved together

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18
Q

rarefaction

A

molecules being pull apart

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19
Q

transverse waves

A

perpendicular
oscillate up and down

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20
Q

longitudinal waves

A

parallel
oscillate back and forth

21
Q

simple sound

A

one frequency

22
Q

complex sound

A

more than one frequency

23
Q

simple harmonic motion

A

smooth and symmetrical movement

24
Q

complex tone

A

more than one frequency

25
Q

periodic complex tone

A

pattern repeats itself
vowels

26
Q

aperiodic complex tone

A

random pattern
fricative

27
Q

periodic complex tone consists of

A

Fo is the lowest frequency
harmonics

28
Q

harmonics

A

whole number multiples of Fo

29
Q

spectrum

A

put frequencies and intensities in a spectrum
further away from Fo, you lose energy

30
Q

Fourier analysis

A

combine waveforms
determine frequency and amplitude of individual waveforms

31
Q

period

A

secs/cycle
reciprocal of frequency

32
Q

low frequencies have ___ wavelengths

A

long

33
Q

high frequencies have ___ wavelengths

A

short

34
Q

Mel scale

A

pitch
more accurate (linear) at lower frequencies

35
Q

phase

A

relationship in time between waves

36
Q

velocity

A

speed sound travels
344 m/s

37
Q

intensity

A

force (dB)
greater force = greater intensity = greater amplitude
perceived as loudness

38
Q

dB SPL

A

20(log) Po/Pr

39
Q

dB SPL reference

A

.0002 dynes/cm2

40
Q

dB IL

A

10(log) Po/Pr

41
Q

dB IL reference

A

10^-16 watts/cm2

42
Q

decibel features

A

ratio
nonlinear scale
uses logarithm

43
Q

inverse square law

A

double the distance = subtract 6 dB

44
Q

resonance

A

forced vibration

45
Q

resonator

A

something starts vibrating because of something else

46
Q

forced resonance

A

sound directly contacts resonator making it vibrate

47
Q

cavity resonance

A

air in a cavity vibrates b/c of sound source

48
Q

source filter theory

A

source = vocal folds
filter = vocal tract

Speech Science (15 decks)

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