Exam 2: Respiration/Phonation

Question 1

Aerodynamic portion of theory

Answer 1

airstream from the lungs and Bernoulli’s effect occurs which is when there is a build up in sub glottal pressure which blows open the vocal folds to equalize pressure

Question 2

myoelastic portion of theory

Answer 2

mechanical factors of the muscle when the vocal folds snap back into place because of elasticity. the cycle continues as pressure builds up, blows open the folds and returns to adducted position

Question 2

breathing cycles
A indicates:

Answer 2

someone is hyperventilating

Question 3

breathing cycles
D indicates

Answer 3

person is producing long speech utterance on one breath

Question 4

breathing cycles
E indicates

Answer 4

greatest amount of expiratory muscle contraction

Question 5

where does the pulmonic airstream originate

Answer 5

lungs

Question 6

cricothyroid muscle

Answer 6

tilt larynx and adduction

Question 7

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Answer 7

abduction

Question 8

transverse arytenoid muscle

Answer 8

adduction

Question 9

thryoarytenoid muscle

Answer 9

adduction

Question 10

temporal lobe

Answer 10

audition
language formulation

Question 11

frontal lobe

Answer 11

decision making
motor commands

Question 12

parietal love

Answer 12

sensory

Question 13

occipital lobe

Answer 13

vision

Question 14

brainstem

Answer 14

speech breathing

Question 15

when diameter of vocal cords increase like what occurs during puberty, frequency of voice

Answer 15

decreases

Question 16

although tension overrides this aspect, when vocal folds are lengthened the frequency

Answer 16

decreases

Question 17

when vocal cords increase in tension like what happens when the larynx is moved a certain way, frequency of the voice

Answer 17

increases

Question 18

females fundamental frequency approximates

Answer 18

200 hz

Question 19

name of the space between vocal folds is

Answer 19

glottis

Question 20

the larynx and articulators are capable of producing the following types of sounds

Answer 20

mixed
simple periodic
complex periodic
complex aperiodic

Question 21

describe functions of larynx

Answer 21

protection: prevent aspiration with laryngeal reflex
respiration: vocal folds abduct and glottis is open for airstream
phonation: larynx acts as valve, vfs abduct and adduct

Question 22

in production, brooks area is responsible for

Answer 22

executing commands for motor areas for speech

Question 23

which cranial nerve innervates laryngeal muscles

Answer 23

X

Question 24

the mechanics for breathing follow this law of physics. name and describe this law

Answer 24

Boyles law: volume varies inversely with pressure being exerted. during inspiration when the lungs are expanding volume increases and pressure decreases making it negative with air rushing in. during expiration the lungs contract, volume decreases and pressure increases making it positive and air is rushing out.

Question 25

which of the following is a type of phonation

Answer 25

falsetto

Question 26

this laryngeal muscles forms the vocal folds

Answer 26

thyroarytenoid

Question 27

larynx lowered, oral closure

Answer 27

glotallic ingressive

Question 28

used in exceptional cases like as in an element of surprise

Answer 28

pulmonic ingressive

Question 29

used in African languages and results in clicking sound

Answer 29

velar ingressive

Question 30

impossible to produce and not used

Answer 30

velaric egressive

Question 31

larynx moved upward and oral closure

Answer 31

glotallic egressive

Question 32

used for most all sounds in english

Answer 32

pulmonic egressive

Question 33

describe body cover model

Answer 33

Cover refers to mucous which is elastic and flexible, transition part of model is vocal ligament itself, body part is the thyroarytenoid muscle which is stiff and tough

Question 34

put in order from least adducted to most abducted

Answer 34

whisper breathy normal phonation creaky

Question 35

volume of air during inspiration shows more variation

Answer 35

speech breathing

Question 36

equal inhale and exhale

Answer 36

quiet breathing

Question 37

average breathing rate is 12-20 breaths per min

Answer 37

speech and quiet breathing

Question 38

inspirations takes up less of respiratory cycle

Answer 38

speech breathing

Question 39

more automaticity

Answer 39

quiet breathing

Question 40

where does phonation originate

Answer 40

vocal folds

Question 41

the auditory visual illusion illustrates how humans process sensory information for speech sounds when the visual and auditory input do not match. the visual system takes precedence. what is the name of this illusion

Answer 41

mcgurk effect

Question 42

tidal breathing is __for inspiratory phase and __ for expiratory phase

Answer 42

40%, 60%

Question 43

which lobe is wernickes in

Answer 43

temporal

Question 44

the auditory cortex is located in

Answer 44

both hemispheres

Question 45

the ___ muscles of larynx refers to muscles that control vocal muscles

Answer 45

intrinsic

Question 46

the vocal folds are attached to the

Answer 46

attached at front of thyroid and back of arytenoids