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Speech Science > Exam 1: research, SLC, acoustics > Flashcards

Exam 1: research, SLC, acoustics Flashcards

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1
Q

Put speech chain in order

A

wernickes
brocas
respiration
phonation
resonation
articulation
sound wave
outer ear
middle ear
inner ear
auditory nerve
auditory cortex
wernickes

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2
Q

Define speech. differentiate speech from language and comm

A

voluntary neuromuscular process of producing speech sounds.
speech cannot exist without language while language can exist without speech
communication can exist without language unlike speech

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3
Q

describe three areas of speech science

A

speech production: production of speech sounds
speech transmission: sending messages
speech perception: receiving and comprehending messages

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4
Q

what is the source in the source filter theory? what is the filter? what does the filter do?

A

source is vocal folds
filter is vocal tract
filter narrows and widens the vocal tract to help produce the sounds

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5
Q

the property of __ describes cycles per second and its unit of measurement is __. its psychological equivalent is __ which is measured in __.

A

frequency
hertz
pitch
mels

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6
Q

the property of __ describes magnitude or force and its unit of measurement is __.
Its psychological equivalent is __ and its units of measurements are P __ and __.

A
  1. intensity
  2. decibels
  3. loudness
  4. phons
  5. sones
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7
Q

the frequency range the the human ear is capable of hearing is

A

20-20000 hz

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8
Q

the portion of a sound wave where molecules are pulled apart is called

A

rarefaction

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9
Q

the portion of a sound wave where molecules are pushed together is called

A

compression

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10
Q

the amount of time that it takes to complete one cycle is known as

A

period

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11
Q

SPL stands for ___ and instrumentation used to measure SPL is the ___ ___.

A

sound pressure level
sound level meter

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12
Q

IL stands for __ and it is related to sound ___

A

Intensity level
power

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13
Q

what is the relationship between dB IL and dB SPL

A

power is equal to pressure squared

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14
Q

considering the formula for dB SPL, describe the numbers used in the ratio. what is the significance of the denominator? why do we use logs?

A

20(log) po/pr
reference number: .0002 dynes/cm2
the bottom number is in the reference point for comparing sound pressures.
log is used to compress the large range of sound pressure values

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15
Q

given the duration of 0.025 secs, what is the frequency of this waveform? 4.5 cycles

A

4.5/0.025 = 180 Hz

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16
Q

given a time of .025, calculate the period of this waveform. 4.5 cycles

A

.025/4.5 = .006 secs

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17
Q

the sound pressure output of the sound source is 20,000 dyne/cm2. what is the sound pressure level in decibels?

A

20 (log) = 20,000/.0002 dynes/cm2 = 10^8
20 (8) = 160 db SPL

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18
Q

rules pertaining to social use of language

A

pragmatics

19
Q

rules pertaining to a languages meaning

A

semantics

20
Q

rules pertaining to a languages sound system

A

phonology

21
Q

smallest unit of meaning

A

morphology

22
Q

given an intensity level of 10^4 w/cm2. what is the intensity of dBIL?

A

10 (log) 10^4 / 10^-16 = 10^20
10(20) = 200 dB IL

23
Q

given the following waveform considering .25 sec time period. calculate the wavelength (v = 340 m/s)

A

f = 4.5 / .25 = 18
w = 340/18
w = 18.90 m

24
Q

describe the Fourier theory

A

waveforms can be decomposed into set of sine waves in particular to frequency, amplitude and intensity

25
Q

sound is made up of two or more frequencies not harmonically related and not repeatable

A

aperiodic

26
Q

general term for sound energy distributed across multiple frequencies

A

complex

27
Q

sound made up of two or more frequencies that are harmonically related and repeatable

A

periodic

28
Q

general term for sound energy distributed at one frequency

A

simple

29
Q

speech sounds can be characterized as the following type of sound

A

complex
periodic
aperiodic

30
Q

sound waves can be displayed in several different ways. describe how frequency, time and intensity are displayed on a spectrogram?

A

frequency is on y axis with low frequencies at bottom and high at top
time is x axis
intensity is determined by the darkness on the graph, brighter means more intensity

31
Q

sound waves can be displayed in several different ways. describe how frequency, time and intensity are displayed on a waveform

A

frequency is amount of cycles in the waveform per second
time is seconds represented by x axis
intensity is point of maximum displacement which is where compression is taking place

32
Q

loudness contour curve. what is it used for?

A

helps determine loudness levels when given intensity and frequency

33
Q

find the loudness in phons of a 4000 hz at 58 db SPL

A

60 phons

34
Q

t/f: intensity and loudness show good correlation in high frequencies

A

true

35
Q

sones is a subjective unit of loudness as perceived by a person with normal hearing, equal to the loudness of a pure tone having a frequency of __ hz at __ dB.

A

1000 hz
40 dB

36
Q

tuning fork demonstration: if I hit a tuning fork with a mallet and then put my hand over the tuning fork to decrease the vibrations, which concept is being demonstrated.

A

damping

37
Q

if a sound is made up of 1000 hz, 2000 hz, and 3000 hz. which is the fundamental frequency?

A

1000 hz

38
Q

measured in phons

A

loudness

39
Q

measured in dB

A

intensity

40
Q

measured in mels

A

pitch

41
Q

measured in cycles per time

A

frequency

42
Q

suppose I played my trumpet, showed you different mouthpieces, and demonstrated the changes by pressing the keys, I was demonstrating which concept?

A

source filter theory

43
Q

what does IRB stand for and describe the purpose? ( think CITI training)

A

institutional review board
protects peoples rights who are participating in the research activities and enforces law and rules for ethical research set by the government

Speech Science (15 decks)

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