Exam 1: research, SLC, acoustics Flashcards
Put speech chain in order
wernickes
brocas
respiration
phonation
resonation
articulation
sound wave
outer ear
middle ear
inner ear
auditory nerve
auditory cortex
wernickes
Define speech. differentiate speech from language and comm
voluntary neuromuscular process of producing speech sounds.
speech cannot exist without language while language can exist without speech
communication can exist without language unlike speech
describe three areas of speech science
speech production: production of speech sounds
speech transmission: sending messages
speech perception: receiving and comprehending messages
what is the source in the source filter theory? what is the filter? what does the filter do?
source is vocal folds
filter is vocal tract
filter narrows and widens the vocal tract to help produce the sounds
the property of __ describes cycles per second and its unit of measurement is __. its psychological equivalent is __ which is measured in __.
frequency
hertz
pitch
mels
the property of __ describes magnitude or force and its unit of measurement is __.
Its psychological equivalent is __ and its units of measurements are P __ and __.
- intensity
- decibels
- loudness
- phons
- sones
the frequency range the the human ear is capable of hearing is
20-20000 hz
the portion of a sound wave where molecules are pulled apart is called
rarefaction
the portion of a sound wave where molecules are pushed together is called
compression
the amount of time that it takes to complete one cycle is known as
period
SPL stands for ___ and instrumentation used to measure SPL is the ___ ___.
sound pressure level
sound level meter
IL stands for __ and it is related to sound ___
Intensity level
power
what is the relationship between dB IL and dB SPL
power is equal to pressure squared
considering the formula for dB SPL, describe the numbers used in the ratio. what is the significance of the denominator? why do we use logs?
20(log) po/pr
reference number: .0002 dynes/cm2
the bottom number is in the reference point for comparing sound pressures.
log is used to compress the large range of sound pressure values
given the duration of 0.025 secs, what is the frequency of this waveform? 4.5 cycles
4.5/0.025 = 180 Hz
given a time of .025, calculate the period of this waveform. 4.5 cycles
.025/4.5 = .006 secs
the sound pressure output of the sound source is 20,000 dyne/cm2. what is the sound pressure level in decibels?
20 (log) = 20,000/.0002 dynes/cm2 = 10^8
20 (8) = 160 db SPL
rules pertaining to social use of language
pragmatics
rules pertaining to a languages meaning
semantics
rules pertaining to a languages sound system
phonology
smallest unit of meaning
morphology
given an intensity level of 10^4 w/cm2. what is the intensity of dBIL?
10 (log) 10^4 / 10^-16 = 10^20
10(20) = 200 dB IL
given the following waveform considering .25 sec time period. calculate the wavelength (v = 340 m/s)
f = 4.5 / .25 = 18
w = 340/18
w = 18.90 m
describe the Fourier theory
waveforms can be decomposed into set of sine waves in particular to frequency, amplitude and intensity
sound is made up of two or more frequencies not harmonically related and not repeatable
aperiodic
general term for sound energy distributed across multiple frequencies
complex
sound made up of two or more frequencies that are harmonically related and repeatable
periodic
general term for sound energy distributed at one frequency
simple
speech sounds can be characterized as the following type of sound
complex
periodic
aperiodic
sound waves can be displayed in several different ways. describe how frequency, time and intensity are displayed on a spectrogram?
frequency is on y axis with low frequencies at bottom and high at top
time is x axis
intensity is determined by the darkness on the graph, brighter means more intensity
sound waves can be displayed in several different ways. describe how frequency, time and intensity are displayed on a waveform
frequency is amount of cycles in the waveform per second
time is seconds represented by x axis
intensity is point of maximum displacement which is where compression is taking place
loudness contour curve. what is it used for?
helps determine loudness levels when given intensity and frequency
find the loudness in phons of a 4000 hz at 58 db SPL
60 phons
t/f: intensity and loudness show good correlation in high frequencies
true
sones is a subjective unit of loudness as perceived by a person with normal hearing, equal to the loudness of a pure tone having a frequency of __ hz at __ dB.
1000 hz
40 dB
tuning fork demonstration: if I hit a tuning fork with a mallet and then put my hand over the tuning fork to decrease the vibrations, which concept is being demonstrated.
damping
if a sound is made up of 1000 hz, 2000 hz, and 3000 hz. which is the fundamental frequency?
1000 hz
measured in phons
loudness
measured in dB
intensity
measured in mels
pitch
measured in cycles per time
frequency
suppose I played my trumpet, showed you different mouthpieces, and demonstrated the changes by pressing the keys, I was demonstrating which concept?
source filter theory
what does IRB stand for and describe the purpose? ( think CITI training)
institutional review board
protects peoples rights who are participating in the research activities and enforces law and rules for ethical research set by the government
