prosody

Question 1

the meaning of an utterance is communicated at two broad levels

Answer 1

segmental
prosody (suprasegmental)

Question 2

segmental

Answer 2

vowels and consonants

Question 3

prosody (suprasegmental)

Answer 3

frequency, intensity, and duration changes to show change in message

Question 4

lexical stress

Answer 4

pattern of stress in the words

Question 5

syllables

Answer 5

number of highly resonant centers

Question 6

primary stress

Answer 6

highest level

Question 7

stress acoustic characteristics

Answer 7

higher fundamental frequency
greater duration
greater intensity

Question 8

how do we raise fundamental frequency?

Answer 8

more force to vibrate quicker

Question 9

which of the 3 characteristics has greatest effect on a syllable?

Answer 9

higher fo

Question 10

what contributes to the perception of stress?

Answer 10

pitch and loudness

Question 11

what does pitch and loudness do when contributing to perception of stress?

Answer 11

helps differentiate between verbs and nouns

Question 12

intonation

Answer 12

pitch rise (question)
signals attitude (sarcasm)
Signals the topic will be held
terminal fall at end (done speaking)

Question 13

marked breath group

Answer 13

special meaning

Question 14

unmarked breath group (declination)

Answer 14

no special meaning

Question 15

what can intonation contour signal?

Answer 15

a question when syntax is a statement

Question 16

can statements have different pitch contours depending on their meaning?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

where are the declinations?
jack and Jill went up the hill.

Answer 17

and Jill
the hill

Question 18

where are the declinations?
to fetch a pail of water

Answer 18

a pail

Question 19

where are the declinations?
jack fell down and broke his crown.

Answer 19

fell down
his crown

Question 20

where are the declinations?
and Jill came tumbling after.

Answer 20

came tumbling

Question 21

Fo declination

Answer 21

Fo decrease over duration of utterance

Question 22

segmental duration

Answer 22

vowels longer
tense (longer)
lax (shorter)

Question 23

phrase final

Answer 23

lengthen syllables at ends of words

Question 24

juncture

Answer 24

which sounds belong to what syllables

Question 25

three major prosodic features contribute to accentedness

Answer 25

syllabic stress
extent of vowel reduction
unique application of intonation, timing and loudness

Question 26

tonal language

Answer 26

language that uses tonemes

Question 27

tonemes

Answer 27

a phoneme in a language that uses different tones for different meanings