Vowels Flashcards
Which articulators shape vowel sounds?
Position of the tongue, jaw, and lips
How does lip configuration influence vowel sounds?
Rounded versus unrounded vowels: lips assume a rounded, protruded posture or a retracted position position for unrounded vowels (who versus he)
How does tongue position influence vowel sounds?
It can move front to back (he- who, map, mop,
or high-low (heave - have, who - ha)
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/i/
high front, unrounded
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/ɪ/
high mid, front, unrounded
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/e/
mid front, unrounded
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/ɛ/
low mid, front, unrounded
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/æ/
low front, unrounded
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/ə/
central mid, unrounded
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/ɚ/
central mid, r-colored
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/ʌ/
low mid, central, unrounded
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/u/
high back, rounded
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/ʊ/
high mid, back, rounded
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/o/
mid, back, rounded
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/ɔ/
mid low, back, rounded
What is this vowel? (IPA)
Describe it (place)
Sound/Example:
/ɑ/
low back, unrounded
What are the front vowels?
Tongue positioned toward the front of the mouth
/i/, / ɪ /, /e/, / ɛ /, and / æ /
What are the central vowels?
Tongue body near the center of the mouth
/ɝ/ , /ɚ/ , /ʌ/
What are the back vowels?
Tongue positioned near the back of the oral cavity/u/, / ʊ /, /o/, /ɔ/, /ɑ/
What are the high vowels?
raising the tongue above resting position
/i/, /u/
What are the high mid vowels?
/ɪ/, /ʊ/
What are the mid vowels?
/e/, /ɝ/, /ɚ/, /o/
What are the low mid vowels?
/ɛ/, /ʌ/, /ɔ/
What are the low vowels?
lowering the tongue from resting position
/æ/, /ɑ/
What are diphthongs?
related to vowels, but articulation changes during production of the sound are dynamic sounds – involve a progressive change in the vocal tract
/aɪ/
sound and examples
eyes, time, why
/aʊ/
examples
out, down, now
/ɔɪ/
examples
oil, point, boy
/eɪ/
able, make, way
/oʊ/
over, both, so
What is a rhotic diphthong?
/ɑr/
car
/ɛr /
dare
/ɪr/
dear
/ɔr/
door
Which vowels are rounded?
[u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔ]
(all back except [ɑ])
Which vowels are unrounded?
[i], [ɪ], [e], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ], [ʌ], [ə].
What is the difference between ɝ and ɚ?
⟨ɝ⟩ are stressed
– early, first, sir
⟨ɚ⟩ are unstressed
– percent, never
What is the difference between ʌ and ə?
[ʌ] occurs in stressed syllables, and [ə] occurs in unstressed syllables
