Vowel Production Flashcards
Vowels are
Voiced
With vowels, articulators
Do not constrict in oral cavity
With vowels, sound
Can be sustained
Vowels function as
Nucleus of syllable
What is a vowel?
Syllabic sounds made with free passage of air down the mid-line of the vocal tract, usually with a convex tongue shape and without friction
Vowels are defined by the
Physiological characteristic of their having no obstruction in the vocal tract and by their function within a phonological defined syllable
What are monothongs?
Constant, unchanging sound quality
What are diphthongs?
Gradually changing articulation
Vowels are labelled in terms of?
Tongue blackness, tongue height and they are always voiced
What are the three types of tongue backness?
Front
Central
Back
What are the three tongue heights?
High
Mid
Low
Front- back is the same as
Palatal-velar
With vowels the lips are either?
Rounded or unrounded
What is the cardinal vowel system?
A system of fixed auditory reference points to which any vowel sound can be related to in a principle manner
In the CVS, where vowels appear in pair the one on the right
Represents a rounded vowel
What are the three types of vowels?
Primary(8)
Secondary
Spare
The primary Cardinal vowels have
Fixed/unvarying ‘auditory’ quality
Physiologically, front vowels are
Equidistant, back vowels are not (tongue is identical for 6 and 7) and further from 8 than they are from five
What is the first anchor point in the CVS?
ee sound
Ee sound is?
Highest front vowel
Tongue as high and forward as possible
Lips spread
What is the second anchor point in the CVS?
Aaaa sound as in Palm
Aaa sound as in Palm is?
Most open back vowel
Tongue as low and back as possible
Lips spread
There are three more reference points at the front of the vowel space:
Auditorily equidistant: ay as in face,
Three more reference points at the back of the vowel space
Auditorily equidistant
Caught
Goat
Pool
Primary Cardinal vowels are numbered
1-8 a is number CV4
Secondary Cardinal vowels
Are fixed and unvarying quality. Not all peripheral
CV 9-16 same as 1-8 but
Opposite lip positions- rounding vs unrounding
What is a spare/floating vowel?
Schwa
Very common vowel ‘butter’
Most accents differ due to?
Vowel production
Cardinal vowel criticisms
Stylised chart
Cannot be learn from written descriptions- Daniel Jones
Reference points-physiologically defined, others auditorily(equidistant?)
Tongue height or tongue constriction?
