Consonant Production: Place And Manner Of Articulation

Question 1

The speech production mechanism is composed of?

Answer 1

Lungs and larynx which is the articulatory region/mechanism

Question 2

What are the three terms used to describe consonant sounds?

Answer 2

Place of articulation (where)
Manner of articulation (how)
Voiced/voiceless

Question 3

What is a consonant?

Answer 3

Speech sounds that pair with vowels to form syllables and words.

They involve closure or constriction at the vocal tract

Question 4

What are the places of articulation?

Answer 4

Bilabial- both lips
Labiodental- top teeth and bottom lip
Dental- tongue and teeth
Alveolar- alveolar ridge 
Post-alveolar- behind alveolar ridge
Palatal- hard palate
Velar- soft palate
Uvular- uvula
Glottal- vocal folds, glottis

Question 5

Two constrictions at the same time

Answer 5

Labial velar articulation (double articulation)

Question 6

Manner of articulation refers to?

Answer 6

Constriction type and relationship between articulators

Question 7

What is complete construction?

Answer 7

Air is completely blocked in oral cavity

Air is stopped

Question 8

What is an example of complete constriction?

Answer 8

Plosives aka oral stops

Question 9

What does a plosives entail?

Answer 9

Complete tight closure in oral cavity lasting for about 40-150ms. Velum is raised

Question 10

Plosives have a quick release, how long?

Answer 10

20-80ms

Release creates a burst called a plosive

Question 11

Nasals also have complete constriction

Answer 11

Aka nasal stops

Velum lowered, oral cavity closure

Question 12

What is a tap?

Answer 12

Single quick closing and opening of constriction in oral cavity

Question 13

What are trills?

Answer 13

Rapid repeated closure

Question 14

What is the term use to describe vocal folds that are far apart?

Answer 14

Abducted- happens during normal breathing

Question 15

What is the term used to describe vocal folds that are completely shut?

Answer 15

Adducted- as happens when coughing

Question 16

When the vocal folds are shut they?

Answer 16

Block the flow of air from the lungs as happens when we hold our breath

Question 17

During speech the vocal folds can either be?

Answer 17

Kept far apart or narrowed so that they vibrate when air from lungs passes through them

Question 18

Sound is produced when?

Answer 18

Air is made to vibrate and the vibration of the vocal folds is one of the major ways in which we make our speech audible

Question 19

Muscles are not used to open and close the vocal folds for every cycle of vibration

Answer 19

Muscles are used to narrow them by just the right amount so that aerodynamic constraints take over and they vibrate in the airstream from the lungs

Question 20

Consonants are produced with?

Answer 20

More restriction to airflow than vowels

Question 21

An articulator

Answer 21

Is the part of the vocal tract that can be used to form a constriction

Question 22

Vocal tract refers to

Answer 22

All the passageways above the larynx through which air can flow when we produce speech

Question 23

When we describe consonant production and place of articulation in phonetics we think about?

Answer 23

The place in the vocal tract where there is maximum constriction to airflow- there are always two articulators involved in making this maximum constriction

Question 24

What is the uvula?

Answer 24

Piece of flesh that hangs down from the back of the velum and can be seen if you open your mouth and look in the mirror

Question 25

The space between the vocal folds is called the?

Answer 25

Glottis

Question 26

In the majority of cases only one of the two articulators move and this is known as the?

Answer 26

Active articulators- the articulators that it moves towards is the passive articulators

Question 27

Glottal stop

Answer 27

Tends to occur as a version of t in certain environments- t has not been deleted but pronounced in a different way- this is know as glottal replacement or glottaling

Question 28

Retroflex

Answer 28

These sounds are produced with a constriction between the tongue tip and the portion of the roof of the mouth where the alveolar ridge meets the hard palate. The tip of the tongue is curled back so that the underneath of the tongue forms the constriction

Question 29

Uvula the

Answer 29

Produced by forming a constriction between the back of the tongue and the uvula

Question 30

Consonants differ in?

Answer 30

Place of articulation which relates to the place of maximum constriction in vocal tract