Allophonic Variation Of Voice Flashcards
Place of articulation can change slightly depending on
Context
T poa? Alveolar? Dental? Palatal?
What about eighth, track, learnt are they all the same?
What is retraction?
Sound produced further back than label suggests
Retracted poa?
N in pinch
D in draw
L in Welsh
^ following consonant
K in queen
G in ghoul
K in caught
^following vowel/approximant
What is advancement?
Sound produced further forward than label suggests
What is advancement diacritic?
Small plus sign under letter
What is retraction diacritic?
Small dash under letter
K in cake
K in key
G in geese
K in cute
Produced further forward-front vowel/approx
What is a labiodental production?
Bilabial sounds (p,b,m) + labiodental sound (f,v)
Triumph, bumph, obvious
What is secondary articulation?
Addition of another articulator
During articulation what happens to the rest of the tongue? What are the lips doing?
Primary/secondary articulation:
2 simultaneous strictures but one is of a lower degree than the other
Primary stricture
Tongue raised to alveolar ridge for s
Secondary stricture
Lips rounded
Secondary articulation is not as
Important as the primary
Primary/secondary articulation: frequently in languages we have segments with 2 simultaneous strictures where
One is of a lower degree than the other (sue has labialization of s but see does not)
What are the four secondary variations of place?
Labialisation
Palatalisation
Velarisation
Glottal reinforcement
What is labialization?
Addition of lip rounding
All consonant can be labialized even
Bilabial try pa with labialization
In English labialization happens due to
Context, in other languages can be used to distinguish between consonants
What is the diacritic for labialization?
Small w above letter
In English (due to context) labialization occurs when
Consonant appears before rounded vowel or w
In other languages labialization is used
Contrastively
What is palatalisation?
Addition of tongue body articulation
Palatalisation involves
Raising tongue body (dorsum) towards hard palate (like in articulation of i )
Palatalisation is said to
Give a clear quality to a sound
In English palatalisation occurs due to
Context and accent
In other languages palatalisation can be used
To distinguish between to consonants
Diacritic for palatalisation is
Small j
Noon no palatalisation
News palatalisation of n
What is velarisation?
Addition of back of tongue articulation
What does velarisation involve?
Raising of back of tongue ( like adding articulation of u)
In English velarisation occurs
Due to context
In other languages velarisation can be used to
Distinguish between two consonants
Velarisation in English
Dark l in most accents
Fell l is velarised
Clear and dark l
Say look and tell the l sound is different or is it
What is glottal reinforcement?
Production of glottal plosive slightly before voiceless plosive /p t k/
