Allophonic Variation Of Manner: Allophonic Variation Of Plosives Flashcards
How many stages are there of plosive production?
Three
Allophonic variation of plosives
Nasal and lateral approach
Nasal and lateral release
No release/inaudible release
In hand, n has
Tongue against alveolar ridge, lateral contact, complete closure of airflow, velum lowered
In hand, d has
Tongue against alveolar ridge, lateral contact, complete closure of airflow, velum raised
Phase 1: nasal approach
N vs d
Articulators already together-only velum moves. Moving from nasal airstream to oral airstream
Homorganic means
Same place of articulation
Nasal approach is found
In all languages when nasal followed by stop (and homorganic)
Nasal approach: Lateral approach is identified by
Raising sides of tongue as alveolar articulation is already there
E.g cold and hold
Nasal approach :In cold, l has
Tongue against alveolar ridge, velum closed, complete closure of airflow, tongue sides lowered
Nasal approach: In cold, d has
Tongue against alveolar ridge, velum closed, complete closure of airflow, velum raised
Phase 1: lateral approach l vs d
Articulators already together only sides of tongue move
Involves changing shape of tongue from lateral to flat
Cold hold
Phase 3: nasal release b vs m
Articulators stay together-only velum moves
Phase 3 nasal release involves
Moving from oral airstream to nasal airstream
Topmost nasalisation of p
Sidney nasalisation of d
Submarine nasalisation of b
In phase 3 nasal release, homorganic describes
Plosive followed by nasal
In phase 3 nasal release: the release phase can also be moved from
The oral cavity to the nasal cavity e.g submarine
In phase 3 nasal release:
The articulators stay in place for the closure but velum is lowered so release is made through nasal cavity. Very common in English
Nasal plosion in English always occurs
With the plosive ending one syllable and the nasal beginning the next, whether within the word or at word boundaries
Nasal plosion occurs when a stop is immediately followed by a homorganic nasal
E.g Sydney, that night, it also happens with a following syllabic n e.g suddenly and eaten
Most speakers use nasal plosion before a syllabic n
But some don’t (though would use nasal plosion in other places)
Nasal plosion doesn’t happen in a
Consonant cluster (in the same syllable)
Phase 3lateral release is
Homorganic
Phase 3 lateral release: d vs l
Artoculators stay together only sides of tongue move- changing shape of tongue from flat to lateral
E.g at last t is lateralised some with d in badly
Lateral plosion is found when
A plosive is followed by a homorganic lateral
In English
Lateral plosion of t and d is common
Lateral plosion of kg
Is rare (velar lateral v rare) and pb is unknown (no homorganic lateral)
Lateral position of t d is found at
Syllable boundaries e.g at last, middle (if syllabic)
Sometimes speakers don’t use lateral position
If syllabic
The release of a plosive only occurs with
The sides of the tongue, with the tongue still touching the alveolar ridge
There is a lack of
Lateral plosion in clusters as no instances of t or d
Of speaker fronts clears then
Clean gloves would have lateral plosion
What is inaudible release/ no release?
When release phase cannot be heard- occurs in three environments
Inaudible release/ no audible release occurs when
Plosive produced before other plosive at different place of articulation e.g apt
Inaudible release/no audible release occurs when
Plosive produced before fricative at different place of articulation e.g absent
Inaudible release/ no audible release occurs in
Word final position, before a pause ‘stop’
Plosive in word final position
May or may not have audible release
Doubly incomplete is when
The middle plosive is inaudible itself. This is an English phonological rule
In French this does not happen
Phase 1 of t would come after phase 3 of p had finished
With unreleased plosives the two sounds can merge for example bookcase. This is known as
Gemination
Narrow release of plosives is referred to as
Affricates stop- same voicing/place of articulation
