Allophonic Variation Of Manner: Allophonic Variation Of Plosives

Question 1

How many stages are there of plosive production?

Answer 1

Three

Question 2

Allophonic variation of plosives

Answer 2

Nasal and lateral approach
Nasal and lateral release
No release/inaudible release

Question 3

In hand, n has

Answer 3

Tongue against alveolar ridge, lateral contact, complete closure of airflow, velum lowered

Question 4

In hand, d has

Answer 4

Tongue against alveolar ridge, lateral contact, complete closure of airflow, velum raised

Question 5

Phase 1: nasal approach

N vs d

Answer 5

Articulators already together-only velum moves. Moving from nasal airstream to oral airstream

Question 6

Homorganic means

Answer 6

Same place of articulation

Question 7

Nasal approach is found

Answer 7

In all languages when nasal followed by stop (and homorganic)

Question 8

Nasal approach: Lateral approach is identified by

Answer 8

Raising sides of tongue as alveolar articulation is already there

E.g cold and hold

Question 9

Nasal approach :In cold, l has

Answer 9

Tongue against alveolar ridge, velum closed, complete closure of airflow, tongue sides lowered

Question 10

Nasal approach: In cold, d has

Answer 10

Tongue against alveolar ridge, velum closed, complete closure of airflow, velum raised

Question 11

Phase 1: lateral approach l vs d

Answer 11

Articulators already together only sides of tongue move
Involves changing shape of tongue from lateral to flat
Cold hold

Question 12

Phase 3: nasal release b vs m

Answer 12

Articulators stay together-only velum moves

Question 13

Phase 3 nasal release involves

Answer 13

Moving from oral airstream to nasal airstream

Topmost nasalisation of p
Sidney nasalisation of d
Submarine nasalisation of b

Question 14

In phase 3 nasal release, homorganic describes

Answer 14

Plosive followed by nasal

Question 15

In phase 3 nasal release: the release phase can also be moved from

Answer 15

The oral cavity to the nasal cavity e.g submarine

Question 16

In phase 3 nasal release:

Answer 16

The articulators stay in place for the closure but velum is lowered so release is made through nasal cavity. Very common in English

Question 17

Nasal plosion in English always occurs

Answer 17

With the plosive ending one syllable and the nasal beginning the next, whether within the word or at word boundaries

Question 18

Nasal plosion occurs when a stop is immediately followed by a homorganic nasal

Answer 18

E.g Sydney, that night, it also happens with a following syllabic n e.g suddenly and eaten

Question 19

Most speakers use nasal plosion before a syllabic n

Answer 19

But some don’t (though would use nasal plosion in other places)

Question 20

Nasal plosion doesn’t happen in a

Answer 20

Consonant cluster (in the same syllable)

Question 21

Phase 3lateral release is

Answer 21

Homorganic

Question 22

Phase 3 lateral release: d vs l

Answer 22

Artoculators stay together only sides of tongue move- changing shape of tongue from flat to lateral

E.g at last t is lateralised some with d in badly

Question 23

Lateral plosion is found when

Answer 23

A plosive is followed by a homorganic lateral

Question 24

In English

Answer 24

Lateral plosion of t and d is common

Question 25

Lateral plosion of kg

Answer 25

Is rare (velar lateral v rare) and pb is unknown (no homorganic lateral)

Question 26

Lateral position of t d is found at

Answer 26

Syllable boundaries e.g at last, middle (if syllabic)

Question 27

Sometimes speakers don’t use lateral position

Answer 27

If syllabic

Question 28

The release of a plosive only occurs with

Answer 28

The sides of the tongue, with the tongue still touching the alveolar ridge

Question 29

There is a lack of

Answer 29

Lateral plosion in clusters as no instances of t or d

Question 30

Of speaker fronts clears then

Answer 30

Clean gloves would have lateral plosion

Question 31

What is inaudible release/ no release?

Answer 31

When release phase cannot be heard- occurs in three environments

Question 32

Inaudible release/ no audible release occurs when

Answer 32

Plosive produced before other plosive at different place of articulation e.g apt

Question 33

Inaudible release/no audible release occurs when

Answer 33

Plosive produced before fricative at different place of articulation e.g absent

Question 34

Inaudible release/ no audible release occurs in

Answer 34

Word final position, before a pause ‘stop’

Question 35

Plosive in word final position

Answer 35

May or may not have audible release

Question 36

Doubly incomplete is when

Answer 36

The middle plosive is inaudible itself. This is an English phonological rule

Question 37

In French this does not happen

Answer 37

Phase 1 of t would come after phase 3 of p had finished

Question 38

With unreleased plosives the two sounds can merge for example bookcase. This is known as

Answer 38

Gemination

Question 39

Narrow release of plosives is referred to as

Answer 39

Affricates stop- same voicing/place of articulation