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Phonetics Theory > Introduction To Phonation > Flashcards

Introduction To Phonation Flashcards

1
Q

What is phonation

A

Not articulation, not initiation, VOCAL FOLD VIBRATION

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2
Q

What is phonation?

A

Production of “voice”

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3
Q

What is the sound source in phonation?

A

The larynx

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4
Q

What are the two types of phonation?

A

Voiceless and voiced

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5
Q

What are the three states of the glottis?

A

Closed
Open
Intermittent

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6
Q

What is the theory of voice production?

A

Aerodynamic myoelastic theory of phonation

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7
Q

What does aerodynamic mean?

A

Air pressure/movement forces

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8
Q

What does myoelastic mean?

A

Muscle and tissue

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9
Q

Aerodynamic myoelastic theory of phonation describes

A

Action of one cycle of pulsed energy

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10
Q

Cycle includes

A

Closed glottis-vocal folds subjected to pressure-vocal folds abduct-subject to Bernoulli effect-vocal folds adduct-closed glottis

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11
Q

What is the Bernoulli effect?

A

When gas/liquid is flowing through narrow space it accelerates

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12
Q

Moving liquid/gas

A

Lower in pressure

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13
Q

Pressure drop results in

A

Suction (rarefaction)

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14
Q

Bernoulli effect in speech

A

Pulmonic airflow
Narrowed glottis
Air pressure drops

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15
Q

Myoelasticity

A

The folds will part under pressure but will tend to push back (due to Bernoulli effect) once they have parted (Clark and Yallop)

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16
Q

Vocal folds subjected to pressure

A

Subject to Bernoulli effect

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17
Q

In the voice phonation type (I.e voicing) vocal folds can open and close

A

80-500 times per second

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18
Q

Vocal folds are

A

Versatile and have different settings. These can combine

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19
Q

What are the six phonation types?

A 
Voice
Breath
Creak
Whisper
Harsh
Falsetto
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20
Q

Voice is the

A

Main, normal phonation type used for vowels,consonants etc

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21
Q

Voice involves

A

Periodic opening and closing of vocal folds

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22
Q

Modal voice is a

A

Neutral mode of phonation that involves periodic vibration and has no audible friction noises. Other types combine with voice

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23
Q

When combined with voice, in breathy voice

A

Vocal folds vibrate without closing “flapping in the breeze” air flows through very fast

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24
Q

Voiceless phonation aka nil phonation

A

Glottis open
No audible noise from vocal folds
Low volume velocity
E.g f and s (noise only from oral cavity)

25
Q

Whispery voice when combined with voice

A 
Triangular opening (less than 25% of glottis)
Hushing, turbulent noise (friction produced at glottis)
26
Q

Creaky voice is also referred to as

A

Vocal fry/laryngealisation combines with voice

27
Q

In creaky voice the vocal folds are

A

Strongly adducted: thickening of vocal folds

28
Q

Creaky voice has

A

Low frequency cracking sound: 25-50Hz

29
Q

Harsh voice has

A

Very strong tension of the vocal folds. Irregular vibration and amplitude

30
Q

Falsetto has

A

High frequency of vibration. Vocal folds are stretched longitudinally and are thin at edges

31
Q

What are the three auditory dimensions of phonation

A

Pitch
Loudness
Timbre

32
Q

What is pitch?

A

Frequency of opening and closing of vocal folds

33
Q

Big vocal folds results in

A

Slow pitch

34
Q

Small vocal folds results in

A

Fast pitch

35
Q

Pitch of vibration =

A

Fundamental frequency (F0)

36
Q

In males fundamental frequency is

A

120Hz (hertz)

37
Q

In females fundamental frequency is

A

220Hz

38
Q

Fundamental frequency in child of ten years is

A

330Hz

39
Q

Loudness is related to amount of

A

Sub-glottal pressure (greater=louder)

40
Q

Loud voices have

A

Larger space between vocal folds during abduction and a longer adducted stage

41
Q

Loudness is measured in

A

Decibels and referred to as amplitude

42
Q

50dB

A

Quiet conversation

43
Q

70dB

A

Loud conversation

44
Q

130dB

A

Threshold of pain

45
Q

Timbre refers to

A

Tone colour

46
Q

Timbre is the differences in

A

Length of opening stage (opening quotient)

47
Q

Low opening quotients are

A

Sharp and bright

48
Q

High opening quotients

A

Are mellow

49
Q

Perturbation

A

Is variations in pitch and loudness

50
Q

Perturbation takes into account

A

Neurological, physiological and acoustic factors

51
Q

A jitter is

A

A variation in pitch

52
Q

With jitters, vibration cycles

A

Vary in frequency (over short-term speech signal)

53
Q

Jitters occur in

A

Normal speech but markedly increased in dysphonic patients

54
Q

What is a shimmer?

A

Variations in loudness. Variability in amplitude of vibration of vocal folds

55
Q

English -Phonation types in languages communicate certain information but

A

Don’t affect meaning of words e.g boring, sexy

Change meaning in other languages

56
Q

What are the results of ageing on phonation?

A

Low amplitude
Breathy phonation
F0 decrease (more in females than males)
Jitter and shimmer increase

57
Q

A voice disorder is laryngitis which is

A

Interference of normal functioning of laryn affecting pitch and loudness and results in a breathy hoarse voice

58
Q

Developmental disorders

A

Abnormal vocal folds/ paralysis voice mutation

59
Q

Voice misuse results in

A

Swelling
Nodules
Polyps

Phonetics Theory (18 decks)

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