Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SUMPHYS2 > VOP Coagulation > Flashcards

VOP Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Prevention of blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the stages of clotting?

A

1] Vascular constriction, 2] Platelet plug aggregation- while fibrin comes- 3] Fibrin clot, 4] Clot retraction/vessel repair, 5] Clot dissolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens before vascular constriction?

A

Vasodilation. HISTAMINE release causes dilation–> excess bleeding at first (to wash out the wound)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is vessel repair perfect?

A

No, this is mostly a fibrotic process, you’re scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the mechanism of vascular constriction?

A

1] Mostly from myogenic response to injury,proportional to damage, 2] In small vessels, thromboxane A2 produced causes vasoconstriction to prevent blood loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is process of platelets are formation?

A

when megakaryocyte gets really big and the pieces of membrane fall off to form vesicles that contain the contents of the megakaryocytes (which are largely clotting factors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do megakaryocyte leave the bone marrow?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are platelets cells?

A

No: contain no nucleus or metabolic machinery, they do have surface proteins that adhere to the membrane serve to adhere the platelets during vessel injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Binding to injured vessel wall or tunica media (collagen) through surface proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the half life of platelets?

A

Half life of 8-12 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the platelet receptors?

A

1] GPIb/IX, 2] GIIb/IIIa, 3] Clotting factor/Ca++ complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is GPIb/IX?

A

glycoprotein adhesion molecule-binds subendothelium through vWF, , important in clotting and platelet plugging. Important to platelet adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the subendothelial layers?

A

inner wall of the blood vessel membrane. That could be basement membrane & collagen, tunica media.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is GIIb/IIIa?

A

fibrinogen binding protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Clotting factor/Ca++ complex?

A

Xa/Va complex limits activation of thrombin to site of injury, this is so you don’t have widespread clotting in the system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the steps in platelet plugging?

A

1] Exposure to tissues beyond intima causes platelet activation, 2] Swelling, 3] Formation of Pseudopodia-feet, 4] Contraction causes release of clotting factors, 5] Adherence to von Willebrand factor, 6] Thromboxane A2 formation activating others platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does clotting depend on?

A

balance between blood factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What starts clotting?7

A

Process begins with formation of complex called prothrombin activator which converts prothrombin, much bound to platelets, to thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the formation of Prothrombin?

A

made by liver requires Vit K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the MOA of warfarin?

A

a vit K analog, disrupts the process of formation of vit K dependent factors such as prothrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of thrombin?

A

removes fibrin proteins from fibrinogen -made in liver, floats freely in bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of fibrin?

A

form reticulum of clot to trap blood cells and circulating elements to form a firm clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is fibrin formed?*

A

in order to form fibrin from fibrinogen, you have to break disulfide bridges bonds to release monomers then fibrin forms when you remove fibrinopeptides (A&B) Subunits will self aggregate once they are liberated to form long fibrin fibers

24
Q

What is function of fibrinopeptides?

A

*A/B peptides provide polarity charge that keeps fibrinogen from self aggregating/clumping

25
What removes fibronpeptide?
Thrombin separating fibrin monomers and removing that polarity so they will self-aggregate
26
What is the early clot?
``` Unstable because only hydrogen bonds. 2. Thrombin is converting fibrinogen to fibrin while it’s activating thestabilizing factor (Factor XIII) ```
27
What is Fibrin stabilizing factor?
1] activated by thrombin, 2] causes those hydrogen bonds to be converted to covalent bonds (stronger) and cross linking to form 3] Clot will constrict & contract squeeze fluid/cells out and dry it out
28
What is factor VIII?
activated by thrombin so that its ready for factor 9, which is needed to activate factor 10
29
What is the signifcance of factor VIII
MC factor involved/Deficient in hemophilia A
30
What does Thrombin activate?
1] Factor XIII, 2] Fibronogen, 3] Factor V, 4] Factor VIII, 5] Factor XI, 6] Factor VII (extrinsic)
31
What clotting factor causes constriction of the clot
activation of fibrin 13a
32
What is calcium and phospholipids (cell membrane) required to form?
Christimas Factor (9) which forms Activated Factor X
33
What is the function of Vitamin K
Liver carboxylates factors using vit K, which makes factors able to bind Calcium, these factors are II, VII, IX,X
34
What is the use of Warfarin
is a structural analog of vit K (that inhibits that process bc it inhibits clotting factor production) makes pt less likely to throw embolism, but more likely to bleed.
35
What is the activation of intrinsic pathway
IN VASCULATURE; trauma within the blood, contact w/in the subendothelium. 2. Collagen exposure 3. Converting factor 7/XII to XIIa,4. then catalyzing 11/XI to XIa via Calcium. 5. Converting factor 9/IX to IXa ( Christmas factor). 6 Require phospholipids AND calcium for 9 to 9a
36
What is the activation of extrinsic pathway
IN TISSUE; trauma outside of the blood vessel 1. Begins with activation of factor 7/VII via exposure to factor 12/XIIa or w/ contact to wounded surface 2. Factor 7/VII when activated, it is going to work with factor 3/III when it is activated to activate factor X
37
What is invovled in Control of clotting and clot dissolution
1] Antithrombin III, 2] Heparin
38
What is Antithrombin III
always circulates as control, Inactivates thrombin by irreversible binding
39
What is Heparin
binds and concentrates antithrombin III, increases activity, heparin is not good as a clot busting agent bc all it's doing is preventing the formation of further clots. It does nothing for pre-existing ones.
40
What is the difference between heparin and warfarin?
on coumadin inhibit clotting factors, on heparin you are incr anti-clotting activity
41
What is the activation of protein C
Protein C - activated by binding to excess thrombin. Activity of Activated Protein C enhanced by binding to protein S, together this complex inactivates factor Va
42
What is the function of protein C+S complex
activated complex cleaves creating tPA which dissolves clots
43
What happens if you have a deficiency in protein C
more likely to form clots, bc now excess thrombin isn't being removed
44
What are the pathophysiology behind coagulation disorders
1] Failure to clot (this is more common), 2] Inappropriate clotting
45
What is the PTT (aPTT) - activate partial thromboplastin time
1] Measures intrinsic system, 2] Used to monitor heparin tx, 3] Factors XII, XI, IX, VIII
46
Why is factor X is tested by PT and aPTT
an influence of both intrinsic & extrinsic factors so you use PT & aPTT
47
What is the PT - Prothrombin time and INR
1] Extrinsic pathway: Factors I, II, V, VII, X (Vit K dependent factors), 3] Used to monitor, adjust coumadin tx, 4] You want to anticoagulate them, but not too much
48
What is Thrombin time (activated factor II/prothrombin)
Tests abnormality affecting conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
49
What is the testing of fibrinogen
Can be measured chemically, Can also measure fibrin breakdown products, as the clot dissolves
50
Why is fibrin/fibrinogen testing important in DIC?
it looks like the pt would be unable to clot but in actuality they have clotted extensively so their factors are low. But their breakdown factors are high. So the clotting factors are low, but they have lots of fibrin break down products. Bc they have lots of clots that are dissolving and they've chewed up a bunch of clotting factors to create them.
51
List the antiplatelets drugs
1] Aspirin - platelet toxin, irreversibly poisons platelets, 2] Clopidogrel/Ticlopidine , 3] Abciximab -mAb, inhibits platelet activity
52
List the Anticoagulants drugs
1] Heparin, 2] Warfarin/coumadin
53
List the Thrombolytics drugs
1] tPA, 2] Streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase
54
What is the lab findings of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
1] Presence of D-dimer and FBP elevation confirm DIC, 2] Prolonged PT, 3] Prolonged PTT, 4] Prolonged TT, 5] Hypofibrinogenemia (measure of fibrinogen) - low, 6] Thrombocytopenia (platelet levels) - low
55
What is what D-dimer is
D-dimer is formed when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin
56
What is what FBP is
fibrin breakdown products
57
What is the lab values for measuring platelet function
1] Platelet count, 2] Peripheral smear, 3] Bleeding time: induce laceration, time how long they bleed, 4] Clot retraction: vial of blood, measure how long it takes for the clot to retract in a test tube

SUMPHYS2 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions