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SUMPHYS2 > CARDIO-conduct > Flashcards

CARDIO-conduct Flashcards

1
Q

Which cell set basic cardiac rhythm?

A

Pacemaker cells- Independent of neurons. triggers electrical conduction for chambers to contract. Located in bundles called Sinoatrial (sinus- atrium R-superior. Can pump on its own w/o CNS +/-. More + -55mv vs 90mv cardiac cell

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2
Q

Which cell carry the signal from pacemaker cells?

A

Conducting cell

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3
Q

This cell contracts the chambers?

A

Contracting cell

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4
Q

What is purpose of AV node?

A

collect and integrate signal from the sinoatrial node and trigger the impulse to stimulate ventricular contraction. Purposeful delay for filling time.

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5
Q

Where is the bundle of His?

A

Atrioventricular septum, inferior to Atium

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6
Q

What forks at the end of Bundle of HIS?

A

L and R bundle branches within ventricular septum.

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7
Q

What fibers wrap around towards apex into the ventriuclar wall?

A

Purkinje fibers- conducting cells, carry signal only

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8
Q

Nerve cells conduct electrical signal, how is it carried?

A

Action potential- diff of electical voltage inside and outside cell. AT REST- membrane is NEG. Inside K NEG. Outside is POS Ca, Na

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9
Q

How do contracting cells work?

A

MSK- internal cytoplasm of cell, chemcial, ion, electrolye, will trigger contraction via ions w/in cell membrane that move in and out

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10
Q

What is theory of cell membrane channels?

A

Nerve conducts electricity to cell membrane channles _open_closed_inactivated_closed_open. Not all or none. Channels occur in 2-3 states

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11
Q

What cause the movement btwn channels?

A

Cell membranes Action potential/Electical voltage. AFTER PUMP- Membrane neg charged

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12
Q

What is depolarization?

A

Positive Membrane potential in HEART after pumping blood out, then resting Membrane NEG. -55mV_NA influx INC to more + 30 mv

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13
Q

What occurs at ++30mV?

A

Contraction

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14
Q

During the plateue phase what is happening with Na, CA, K?

A

Na- DEC not going in.channel closed. Ca channel open but SLOW influx. 3. K- DEC not moving inside to outside.

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15
Q

During repolarizatin, what ions are moving?

A

Relaxing repolarization. Ca closed, stops moving inside. K-close, bring cell membrane back to NEG and resting.

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16
Q

How are channels gated/opened?

A

Ligands- binding of protein or chemical signal that starts chain reaction 2. Voltage gate via ions, electrolytes- THRESHOLD state

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17
Q

what occurs when threshold is met in pacemaker cells?

A

Threshold- predominant ion channel opening via electrical voltage. Gates are proteins. Spontaneous and often open, close, inactive. Random, not all or none. Neg 40mv is threshold for pacemaking cells/SA node. Ca gates slow opening/predominant channel. K channel closed

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18
Q

What is speed of each cardiac channel?

A

NA-fast and slow, Ca- ALWAYS SLOW, K- slow med.

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19
Q

Are sodium channels open or closed during resting membrane potential?

A

inactive Na channels at rest. BUT 1ST TO OPEN, BC FAST LEAKY

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20
Q

What makes pacemaker quick to reach threshold?

A

leak of Na due to easy membrane permeability
Resting membrane potential of cardiac cell is -55mv. Pacemaker threshold is -40, slightly more positive/depolarizing, not much of jump btwn

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21
Q

What drives depolarization/ positive membrane action potential?

A

Fast/slow Na leak and slow Ca influx. Both + ions_then K leak out (opposite of Na)

22
Q

What is responsilbe for the falling phase of action potential?

A

K channel opens up fully, Na leaves the cell making cell MORE NEGATIVE again. K concenration HIGH inside cell. K flux resets cell voltage to resting negative potential -55mv

23
Q

What is responsilbe for the opening phase of action potential?

A

Sodium and Calcium (T and L channels)

24
Q

What phase is upstroke d/t opening of voltage gated sodium/calcium channels?

A

Phase 0

25
Q

What phase is repolarization d/t inactivation of sodium/calcium channels and opening of potassium channels?

A

Phase 3

26
Q

What phase is resting, d/t slow leak of sodium into cell, moves that membrane potential back toward its threshold?

A

Phase 4

27
Q

What mainly drives cell from resting to threshold threshold- theory hyperpolarization?

A

Slow leak of Na into cell

28
Q

At what voltage does K channel open?

A

After depolarization and plateau. HIGHer voltage, 0-10mv, as Na, Ca gates become inactive

29
Q

Why are conduction cells needed?

A

chambers that contain the cells are electrically insulated via cardiac skeleton

30
Q

What does the cardiac skeleton protect?

A

SA node signal is blocked from getting to ventricle_ATRIOVentricular NODE completes conduction

31
Q

Describe signal pathway

A

SA node- R and L atria_AV node_Bundle of His_L/R bundle branch_purkinje_ventricles

32
Q

What is the delay in the AV node?

A

Time it take for SA node to accumulate enough signal to reach pacemake cells in AV node threshold. Provide filling time for ventricles.**

33
Q

What are conduction times and bpm for each node?

A
  1. SA- AV- 0.03, 60-100, 2. Passage through AV node-0.12, 40-55pbm. 3. Purkinje- 25-40. Total 0.16 to ventricle
34
Q

What is difference in contracting cells?

A

Phase 0- fast Sodium channel causes fast/sharp slope. NOT autorhymic. Phase 4 flat

35
Q

What is the plateu phase 1-2?

A

Na stops, Ca slow open, K stops

36
Q

What is MC sinus rythmn?

A

72bpm, higher than 60 bc SNS dominate our Basal HR. Low or High is ANS activation

37
Q

What happens if the SA node is dysfunctional?

A

AV node picks up, but 40-55bpm. Rate slower

38
Q

What does NSR mean?

A

Normal sinus atrial rhythm. 60-100bpm, intact SA node. Normal rate originating from SA node
P-wave present mean NSR

39
Q

What does SA node fire signify?

A

P-wave Atrial contraction. Atrial depolarization.

40
Q

What signifis AV node is intact?

A

QRS spike, depoloariztion of ventricles. Ventricular contractions. Q dips-AP_ rises to R+platue sustain contracion

41
Q

What on EKG gives info on repolariztion?

A

repolarization/falling phase= ALL Q-T interval

42
Q

What does EKG provide?

A

Info on the conduction system of heart.

43
Q

What is normal change in rate in very short periods of time, related to changes in thoracic pressure when we breathe?

A

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia- gaps btwn beats, auscultate well

44
Q

What is sawtooth pattern / no p-wave?

A

Conductin d/o Atrial Flutter- self stimulatin, reentry circuit. NO p-wave. Flutter waves. AV node fires_ Goes down to ventricle_reenter atrium. Double tap

45
Q

What is bag of worm appearce on EKG, no p-wave?

A

A. Fib- Wall of chamber not contracting consistently, random pattern. Less consistent rythm vs A. flutter.

46
Q

What is normal EKG for a period of time, and then onset of an atrial tachycardia, and you lose these P waves?

A

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia.

47
Q

What is NSR, then next beat is absence of a discernable P wave?

A

premature atrial contractions- Premature= waveform abnormal

48
Q

What is signs of AV node dysfunctin?

A

AV Blocks _1st deg-LONG PR= long time of SA node to stimulate AV for Ventric depolorization _2nd deg- multiple p wave close intermittently _3rd deg. no consistent relationship between P and QRS complex. Close or far P wave, 1+P wave b4 QRS. Few QRS, rate slow

49
Q

What occurs when ventrical fire on it’s own, even with proper conduction?

A

Premature ventricular contractions- waveform abnormal. Spike is WIDE

50
Q

What are wide spikes at high rate?

A

Ventricual tacyhcardia

51
Q

What are bag of worm, larger worms, inconsistent waveforms?

A

Ventricular fibrilation

SUMPHYS2 (27 decks)

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