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SUMPHYS2 > CARDIO-Valve > Flashcards

CARDIO-Valve Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood difficulty through stenosed mitral valve from LA to LV?

A

Mitral Stenosis- 60% reduction in opening DX

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2
Q

What is MCC of mitral stenosis?

A

Rheumatic Fever- Women

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3
Q

How does mitral stenosis limit CO?

A

Obstruction of LV filling to valve damage⇾blood builds up into LA⇾backflow to PV⇾pulmonary restrictin and limited LV filling =DEC CO

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4
Q

What is result of MS?

A

chronically will cause RF damage⇾pulmonoary v. affect pulmonary aa.

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5
Q

What will precordium be like w/ MS?

A

Quiet apical impulse⇾less fill. Parasternal lift⇾pulmonary engorded

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6
Q

IF S1 mitral+tri, loud snap, and S2 is split what is DX?

A

Mitral Stenosis. S1- is harden valve snapping, S2 split bc Aortic+Pulmonic close, + late close of mitral valve. No S3- less fluid hitting LV. No S4 d/t LV not enlarged

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7
Q

Why is hand grip exercises inc murmur?

A

Pressure incrase to open valve. Murmur-low pitched and rumbling early in diastolic relax. Waiting to be filled, but valve slow grudgin to open

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8
Q

What are clinical presenstion of MS?

A

JVD, edema, ascites. RHF

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9
Q

What is indicative of MS on EKG?

A

Afib- no filling, blood pools. Thrombus risk. MI

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10
Q

What occurs when blood flows back to LA d/t floppy valve?

A

Mitral Regurgicaton

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11
Q

What would someone with CHF sx poss have recurgitatino?

A

Volume overload. Blood flows back to LA⇾INC vol. in LA⇾LV dialtes⇾more blood flows in LV d/t floppy valves

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12
Q

What are SX of mitral regurgitation?

A
  1. SOB, 2, orthopnea 3. PND 4. fatige. Cant breath d/t fluid in heart and lungs
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13
Q

What would an echo show with MR?

A

Dialated LV and hyperdyname impulse. Filling more and working hard to get BV out

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14
Q

What can be heard at axilla and neck in MR?

A

Pansystolic long murmur as blood flow back

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15
Q

Where is PMI located for MR?

A

downward and left, d/t dialated enlarged LV

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16
Q

Why is S1 sound not heard w/ MR?

A

Valves not closing. S2 and S3 split bc of extra filling and splashing on LV

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17
Q

If blood flows into LA what happens?

A

Acute MR⇾wastes SV⇾overload of LV⇾LVED inc

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18
Q

What is MR when LVESV is reduced?

A

Chronic MR⇾forward stroke dec. due to flow going back into LA

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19
Q

Despite LV contractlity, CO is low bc…

A

regurginat Vol. INC LA pressure and pulmonary congestion.

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20
Q

What condition makes holosystolic murmur louder during valsalva or standing?

A

Mitral valve prolapse- build more pressure, valve baloon up

21
Q

What happens in mitral prolapse when valsalva released?

A

Murmurs shortens, fainter

22
Q

What is gold standard for testing valves?

A

ECHO- MS 2/2 to MR.

23
Q

What are risk for Pt w/ prolaspes

A

MR, SCD, CVA, endocartiis

24
Q

Do prolapse pt have any finding on EKG or CXR?

A

NO, only seen on echo. Listen for valsava and murmur + sx of syncopem palpitatoin, and CP

25
Q

What is result of bicuspid valve instead of tricuspid semilunar vavles?

A

Aortic stenosis-other causes RF, asthorsclerotic, congenital

26
Q

What is pressue outcomes with AS?

A

Inc afterload, extra pressure needed to open valves.

27
Q

What can LVH lead to?

A

HF⇾d/t failed systolic b/c obstuction and dec contractile fx 2. diastolic failure b/c LVH and doesn’t relax

28
Q

Why is angina and SOB a sx of AS?

A

Dec O2 myocardia ischmia d/t dec CO related to LVH demands. Coronary artery ususally normal. MI factor

29
Q

IF AS limits CO, then reduced TPR, and cerebral hypoperfusion may lead to

A

Exertional Syncope MAYBE

30
Q

What can be heard at neck and left sternal border w/ AS?

A

Harsh systolic murmur

31
Q

During echo, what is seen in AS?

A

Coronary artery is normal. Transcoronary gradiaent reduced d/t elevated LVEDP, filling. LVH when valve opening reduced by 1/3 is result⇾CHF

32
Q

How does heart compensate d/t AS and why?

A

LVH. Overcome tight valves and aortic pressue. Less SV⇾INC Contraction

33
Q

What is risk of AS?

A

CHF dt⇾systolic obstructed + contractile dfx,and diastolic HF d/t LVH +filling defect

34
Q

What is pulsus parvis et tardu?

A

Discconnet btw HR and pulses

35
Q

What is sound of murmur at precordium?

A

crescendo decrescendo w/ AS mid systolic

36
Q

What occurs when blood flows back to LV d/t floppy valve?

A

Aortic regurgication⇾vol overload in LV⇾ LA enlarges, systolic HTN⇾pulmonary sx⇾

37
Q

What is AR in relationship with?

A

LVHF- SX, DOE, orthopnea, fatigue,

38
Q

What are sx to educate patients with AR?

A

Cardiac failure and shock progress rapidly. Carotid artery pain, angina, flushing, palpitations

39
Q

What is difference with PMI location for AR?

A

PMI hyperactive down and left

40
Q

What has Normal S1,S2, blowing with diastolic point?

A

AR

41
Q

What happens with the pulse for AR?

A

WIDE pulse pressure bc stroke volume INC (inc blood)+ DEC systemic arterial resistance, aortic can’t generate pressure bc always open, low filling pressure 120/60

42
Q

What is mitral valve rumble d/t regurginat jet from aortic valve impgine on mitral valve casuing it to close early?

A

Austin flint murmur- as blood regurges back to LV from Aortic valve it hits LA blood coming out.

43
Q

Mr. Flow has EKG of RVH, CXR+cardiomegaly, echo-RV dialated. What could be DX?

A

Tricuspid regurgication-rare

44
Q

What can cause tricuspid regurgitation?

A

NEVER structural issue in valve. 1. LVHF 2. endocardiis-IVDU 3. RF dz. 4 Carcinoid 5-myxomatous degen, 6. RV infarct

45
Q

During abdomen physical exam what may be seen w/TR?

A

JVD, lifts, hepatic enlargement, liver pulse

46
Q

What is congential in the valves dysfx?

A

Pulmonic stenosis-fusion of valve- Seen in childhood and corrected

47
Q

Mrs. Fused notice her son c/c of CP, fainting. ON PE he has ascites, edema, and RUQ pain? what are CV exam findings

A

Pulmonic stenosis-Early systolic snap, systolic ejection murmur at base (close to neck)

48
Q

Why does inspiration make sound softer in pulmonic stenosis?

A

Inspire squeezes mediastium smaller valve may pop open, INC HR, which may help valves open or less echo

SUMPHYS2 (27 decks)

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