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CARDIO-Valve Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood difficulty through stenosed mitral valve from LA to LV?

A

Mitral Stenosis- 60% reduction in opening DX

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2
Q

What is MCC of mitral stenosis?

A

Rheumatic Fever- Women

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3
Q

How does mitral stenosis limit CO?

A

Obstruction of LV filling to valve damage⇾blood builds up into LA⇾backflow to PV⇾pulmonary restrictin and limited LV filling =DEC CO

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4
Q

What is result of MS?

A

chronically will cause RF damage⇾pulmonoary v. affect pulmonary aa.

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5
Q

What will precordium be like w/ MS?

A

Quiet apical impulse⇾less fill. Parasternal lift⇾pulmonary engorded

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6
Q

IF S1 mitral+tri, loud snap, and S2 is split what is DX?

A

Mitral Stenosis. S1- is harden valve snapping, S2 split bc Aortic+Pulmonic close, + late close of mitral valve. No S3- less fluid hitting LV. No S4 d/t LV not enlarged

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7
Q

Why is hand grip exercises inc murmur?

A

Pressure incrase to open valve. Murmur-low pitched and rumbling early in diastolic relax. Waiting to be filled, but valve slow grudgin to open

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8
Q

What are clinical presenstion of MS?

A

JVD, edema, ascites. RHF

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9
Q

What is indicative of MS on EKG?

A

Afib- no filling, blood pools. Thrombus risk. MI

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10
Q

What occurs when blood flows back to LA d/t floppy valve?

A

Mitral Regurgicaton

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11
Q

What would someone with CHF sx poss have recurgitatino?

A

Volume overload. Blood flows back to LA⇾INC vol. in LA⇾LV dialtes⇾more blood flows in LV d/t floppy valves

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12
Q

What are SX of mitral regurgitation?

A
  1. SOB, 2, orthopnea 3. PND 4. fatige. Cant breath d/t fluid in heart and lungs
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13
Q

What would an echo show with MR?

A

Dialated LV and hyperdyname impulse. Filling more and working hard to get BV out

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14
Q

What can be heard at axilla and neck in MR?

A

Pansystolic long murmur as blood flow back

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15
Q

Where is PMI located for MR?

A

downward and left, d/t dialated enlarged LV

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16
Q

Why is S1 sound not heard w/ MR?

A

Valves not closing. S2 and S3 split bc of extra filling and splashing on LV

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17
Q

If blood flows into LA what happens?

A

Acute MR⇾wastes SV⇾overload of LV⇾LVED inc

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18
Q

What is MR when LVESV is reduced?

A

Chronic MR⇾forward stroke dec. due to flow going back into LA

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19
Q

Despite LV contractlity, CO is low bc…

A

regurginat Vol. INC LA pressure and pulmonary congestion.

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20
Q

What condition makes holosystolic murmur louder during valsalva or standing?

A

Mitral valve prolapse- build more pressure, valve baloon up

21
Q

What happens in mitral prolapse when valsalva released?

A

Murmurs shortens, fainter

22
Q

What is gold standard for testing valves?

A

ECHO- MS 2/2 to MR.

23
Q

What are risk for Pt w/ prolaspes

A

MR, SCD, CVA, endocartiis

24
Q

Do prolapse pt have any finding on EKG or CXR?

A

NO, only seen on echo. Listen for valsava and murmur + sx of syncopem palpitatoin, and CP

25
What is result of bicuspid valve instead of tricuspid semilunar vavles?
Aortic stenosis-other causes RF, asthorsclerotic, congenital
26
What is pressue outcomes with AS?
Inc afterload, extra pressure needed to open valves.
27
What can LVH lead to?
HF⇾d/t failed systolic b/c obstuction and dec contractile fx 2. diastolic failure b/c LVH and doesn’t relax
28
Why is angina and SOB a sx of AS?
Dec O2 myocardia ischmia d/t dec CO related to LVH demands. Coronary artery ususally normal. MI factor
29
IF AS limits CO, then reduced TPR, and cerebral hypoperfusion may lead to
Exertional Syncope MAYBE
30
What can be heard at neck and left sternal border w/ AS?
Harsh systolic murmur
31
During echo, what is seen in AS?
Coronary artery is normal. Transcoronary gradiaent reduced d/t elevated LVEDP, filling. LVH when valve opening reduced by 1/3 is result⇾CHF
32
How does heart compensate d/t AS and why?
LVH. Overcome tight valves and aortic pressue. Less SV⇾INC Contraction
33
What is risk of AS?
CHF dt⇾systolic obstructed + contractile dfx,and diastolic HF d/t LVH +filling defect
34
What is pulsus parvis et tardu?
Discconnet btw HR and pulses
35
What is sound of murmur at precordium?
crescendo decrescendo w/ AS mid systolic
36
What occurs when blood flows back to LV d/t floppy valve?
Aortic regurgication⇾vol overload in LV⇾ LA enlarges, systolic HTN⇾pulmonary sx⇾
37
What is AR in relationship with?
LVHF- SX, DOE, orthopnea, fatigue,
38
What are sx to educate patients with AR?
Cardiac failure and shock progress rapidly. Carotid artery pain, angina, flushing, palpitations
39
What is difference with PMI location for AR?
PMI hyperactive down and left
40
What has Normal S1,S2, blowing with diastolic point?
AR
41
What happens with the pulse for AR?
WIDE pulse pressure bc stroke volume INC (inc blood)+ DEC systemic arterial resistance, aortic can't generate pressure bc always open, low filling pressure 120/60
42
What is mitral valve rumble d/t regurginat jet from aortic valve impgine on mitral valve casuing it to close early?
Austin flint murmur- as blood regurges back to LV from Aortic valve it hits LA blood coming out.
43
Mr. Flow has EKG of RVH, CXR+cardiomegaly, echo-RV dialated. What could be DX?
Tricuspid regurgication-rare
44
What can cause tricuspid regurgitation?
NEVER structural issue in valve. 1. LVHF 2. endocardiis-IVDU 3. RF dz. 4 Carcinoid 5-myxomatous degen, 6. RV infarct
45
During abdomen physical exam what may be seen w/TR?
JVD, lifts, hepatic enlargement, liver pulse
46
What is congential in the valves dysfx?
Pulmonic stenosis-fusion of valve- Seen in childhood and corrected
47
Mrs. Fused notice her son c/c of CP, fainting. ON PE he has ascites, edema, and RUQ pain? what are CV exam findings
Pulmonic stenosis-Early systolic snap, systolic ejection murmur at base (close to neck)
48
Why does inspiration make sound softer in pulmonic stenosis?
Inspire squeezes mediastium smaller valve may pop open, INC HR, which may help valves open or less echo

SUMPHYS2 (27 decks)

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