voluntary motion

Question 1

what five cortical areas are associated with production of voluntary motion

Answer 1

• primary motor cortex
• supplementary motor cortex
• premotor cortex
• parietal cortex
• pre-frontal cortex

Question 2

what pathway allows you to reach for and grasp objects (complete motor act based on visual input)

Answer 2

dorsal visual pathway

Question 3

where do axons in the dorsal visual pathway project

Answer 3

occipital cortex => parietal/frontal cortex

Question 4

to what areas of the parietal cortex does the visual cortex relay information

Answer 4

V6a
PEc
MIP
VIP

Question 5

which area of the parietal cortex creates a rough map of your surroundings

Answer 5

VIP

Question 6

where does the VIP send information about surroundings and what happens there

Answer 6

F4 (in premotor cortex) - a more detailed map is created

Question 7

in what fashion are neurons in F4 excited in relation to object of interest

Answer 7

closer object => increased firing

Question 8

what part of the brain receives visual information regarding spatial orientation of the extremities

Answer 8

superior parietal cortex

Question 9

what does F2 do to assist in reaching for an object

Answer 9

receives input from superior parietal cortex and creates a map of surroundings in relation to your body

Question 10

from what areas does F5 receive input

Answer 10

anterior intraparietal area and PFG

Question 11

what information is carried by the firing of neurons in F5

Answer 11

the goal of a given action

Question 12

which part of the cortex codes motions required to meet a goal

Answer 12

primary motor cortex

Question 13

which part of the cortex identifies a specific motor sequence required to meet a goal and changes motion as necessary

Answer 13

supplementary motor cortex

Question 14

which part of the cortex is responsible for postural control when executing a motion

Answer 14

supplementary motor cortex

Question 15

which part of the cortex determines whether a given movement is appropriate and identifies a goal/the motion required to reach it

Answer 15

premotor cortex

Question 16

what is the function of the central part of the spinocerebellum (aka the vermis)

Answer 16

postural control

Question 17

what is the function of the paravermis (lateral part of the spinocerebellum

Answer 17

ballistic movement

control of ongoing movement

Question 18

what is the function of the cerebrocerebellum

Answer 18

plan complex motions, learning

Question 19

what are the outputs of the central region of the spinocerebellum

Answer 19

fastigial, globose and eboliform nuclei => rubrospinal tract

Question 20

what part of the cerebellum is responsible for preparing for future balance and eye movements

Answer 20

vestibulocerebellum

Question 21

what are the inputs to the central region to the spinocerebellum to execute postural adustments

Answer 21

vestibular, visual and auditory input
efferent copy (expected motion)

Question 22

what are the inputs to the lateral (paravermal) region of the spinocerebellum

Answer 22

efferent copy
muscle afferent (what ms. are doing)

Question 23

what are the outputs of the lateral (paravermal) region of the spinocerebellum

Answer 23

eboliform and globose nuclei => rubrospinal tract

Question 24

what are the inputs of the cerebrocerebellum

Answer 24

cortex areas involved in voluntary motion

Question 25

what are the outputs of the cerebrocerebellum

Answer 25

dentate nuclei => cortex

Question 26

what layer of the primary motor cortex receives sensory input from muscles/joints

Answer 26

layer 4

Question 27

what layer of the primary motor cortex is the output for the corticospinal tract

Answer 27

layer 5

Question 28

which pathway is excited by dopamine from the SNc

Answer 28

direct

Question 29

what NTs excite the indirect pathway

Answer 29

EAA and ACh