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Neuro final > Visual tracts > Flashcards

Visual tracts Flashcards

1
Q

where is the object of attention centered at within the retina

A

fovea centralis and macula lutea

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2
Q

in what area of the eye are photoreceptors absent

A

optic disc (medial to the macula)

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3
Q

what are the two zones of the visual fields

A 
binocular zone (seen by both eyes)
mono-ocular zone (seen by only R/L eye)
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4
Q

what is a retinal field

A

the location on the retina where an object in the visual field is projected

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5
Q

what is the optic disc

A

the region where retinal axons leave the eye as the optic nerve

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6
Q

how is the image formed on the retina oriented

A

inverted along lateral and vertical axis

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7
Q

does the nasal or temporal half of retinal axons decussate at the optic chiasm

A

nasal half decussates to contralateral optic tract

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8
Q

what fibers are found within each optic tract

A

fibers from ipsilateral temporal retina and contralateral nasal retina

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9
Q

what does partial decussation of retinal fibers facilitate

A

depth perception

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10
Q

where does the optic tract terminate

A

lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

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11
Q

what forms the dorsal and lateral borders of the lateral geniculate nucleus

A

outgoing optic radiations

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12
Q

what forms the ventral base of the LGN

A

incoming optic tract

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13
Q

what are the first and second layers of the LGN called

A

magnocellular layers

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14
Q

what are the 3rd-6th layers of the LGN called

A

parvocellular layers

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15
Q

which layers of the LGN receive inputs from rods

A

magnocellular layers

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16
Q

which layers of the LGN receive inputs from cones

A

parvocellular layers

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17
Q

which layers of the LGN have larger receptive fields and are sensitive to moving stimuli

A

magnocellular layers

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18
Q

which layers of the LGN have smaller receptive fields and are sensitive to color and stationary stimuli

A

parvocellular layers

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19
Q

which layers of the LGN have thicker, faster conducting axons

A

magnocellular layers

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20
Q

where do axons from the temporal retina terminate

A

layers 2, 3, 5 of the ipsilateral LGN

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21
Q

where do axons from the nasal retina terminate

A

layers 1, 4, 6 of the contralateral LGN

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22
Q

what is an optic radiation

A

bundle of myelinated extensions from secondary neurons of LGN

23
Q

where does the optic radiation go

A

to the primary visual cortex (upper and lower banks of the calcarine sulcus AKA lingual gryrus and cuneus)

24
Q

fibers from which quadrant of the visual field go to the cuneus

A

lower quadrant of contralateral hemifield (dorsomedial LGN)

25
Q

fibers from which quadrant of the visual field go to the lingual gyrus

A

upper quadrant of contralateral hemifield (ventrolateral LGN)

26
Q

what is the path of fibers conveying information from the macula and fovea

A

central LGN => caudal visual cortex (posterior occipital pole)

27
Q

what is meyer’s loop

A

an arch into the temporal lobe by the axons carrying information from the superior part of the visual field

28
Q

where does meyer’s loop terminate

A

below the calacarine sulcus

29
Q

the left upper quadrant of the visual field would be represented in what area of the visual cortecx

A

right lower quadrant (opposite that of the visual field)

30
Q

what brodmann’s area corresponds to the primary visual cortex

A

17

31
Q

what brodmann areas make up the visual association cortex

A

areas 18 and 19

32
Q

what function does the superior colliculus have in the visual system

A

directing eye movements

33
Q

what function does the pretectal area have in the visual system

A

pupillary light reflex

34
Q

pupillary constrictor muscles receive PNS innervation from what nuclei

A

edinger-westphal nucleus

35
Q

pupillary constrictor muscles receive SNS innervation from what nuclei

A

superior cervical ganglion

36
Q

where do preganglionic cholinergic motor neurons travel and synapse

A

travel w/ ipsilateral CN III

synapse in ciliary ganglion

37
Q

where do postganglionic cholinergic motor neurons travel

A

send axons via short ciliary ns to ciliary ms. and pupillary constrictors

38
Q

mydriasis and paralysis of accomodation are caused by a lesion of what structure

A

ipsilateral CN III

39
Q

how will partial optic nerve damage present when testing pupillary reflex

A

shining light in eye ipsilateral to lesion => diminished constriction of both eyes
light in eye contralateral to lesion => normal reflex

40
Q

how will total optic nerve damage present when testing pupillary reflex

A

neither direct or consensual reflex of affected eye

41
Q

how will posterior midbrain damage present when testing pupillary reflex

A

weakened pupillary reflex bilaterally

42
Q

how will partial CN III damage present when testing pupillary reflex

A

direct and consensual response lost ipsilaterally, present contralaterally

43
Q

what is hemianopia

A

blindness in one-half of visual field

44
Q

what is quadrantanopia

A

blindness in one quadrant of visual field

45
Q

what is homonymous visual fields

A

conditions in which visual field loss is similar in both eyes

46
Q

what is heteronymous visual fields

A

conditions in which eyes have non-overlapping field losses

47
Q

what is macular sparing

A

visual field loss the preserves vision in the center of visual field

48
Q

where would a deficit be expected if damage is anterior to optic chiasm

A

only ipsilateral eye

49
Q

what kind of deficit would be expected if damage is at the optic chiasm

A

heteronymous deficit (non overlapping visual field loss)

50
Q

what kind of deficit would be expected if damage is behind the optic chiasm

A

homonomyous deficit (overlapping visual field loss)

51
Q

associative visual agnosia is caused by occlusion of what artery

A

PCA

52
Q

what structures are infarcted in associative visual agnosia

A

left occipital lobe and posterior corpus callosum

53
Q

what is associative visual agnosia

A

disconnection of language area from visual association cortex

54
Q

how does associative visual agnosia present

A

pt cannot name or describe object in visual field, but can recognize and demonstate its use
compromised reading and writing

Neuro final (16 decks)

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