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Neuro final > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

what two structures carry input to the cerebellum

A

inferior cerebellar penduncle

middle cerebellar peduncle

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2
Q

what structure carries output from the cerebellum

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

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3
Q

what is the major pathway from the spine to the cerebellum

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

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4
Q

what structure carries input from the pons to the cerebellum? is it contra or ipsilateral

A

middle cerebellar peduncle carries input from the contralateral pons

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5
Q

what are climbing fibers

A

axons from the inferior olivary nucleus to the cerebellum

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6
Q

what are mossy fibers

A

axons from all inputs other than the inferior olivary nucleus to the cerebellum

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7
Q

what do Purkinje cells do

A

modify movement by releasing GABA

project to deep nuclei

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8
Q

what are the four deep nuclei of the cerebellum

A

dentate
eboliform
globose
fastigial

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9
Q

where do axons from the dentate nucleus project

A

to VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus

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10
Q

where do axons from the eboliform and globose nuclei project

A

contralateral red nucleus

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11
Q

where do axons from the fastigial nucleus project

A

vestibular nuclei

reticular formation

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12
Q

where is proprioceptive information carried from the spinal cord to the cerebellum

A

within the ispilateral inferior cerebellar peduncle

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13
Q

what is the route of the axons of deep cerebellar nuclei

A

cerebellum => superior cerebellar peduncle => red nucleus or thalamus

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14
Q

does the cerebellum control movement of the ipsilateral or contralateral side

A

IPSILATERAL

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15
Q

what two structures are affected in a lateral cerebellar lesion

A

cerebellar hemispheres

dentate nucleus

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16
Q

what are the sxs of a lateral cerebellar lesion

A

uncoordination of ipsilateral extremities (direction, force and speed of movements)
fall toward lesion
intention tremor

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17
Q

what structures are affected in a medial cerebellar lesion

A

vermis
eboliform, globus and fastigial nuclei
floculonodular trunk

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18
Q

what are the sxs of a medial cerebellar lesion

A

truncal ataxia
nystagmus
vertigo

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19
Q

what cerebellar lesion can cause paralysis

A

NO CEREBELLAR LESIONS CAUSE PARALYSIS

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20
Q

what is the order of deep nuclei of the cerebellum from medial to lateral

A

fastigial
globose
eboliform
dentate

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21
Q

what are the three layers of cerebellar grey matter

A

molecular layer
purkinje layer
granular layer

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22
Q

what cells are found in the molecular layer

A

stellate and basket cells

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23
Q

what are the only excitatory cells of the cerebellar grey matter

A

granule cells

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24
Q

what NT is released by granule cells

A

glutamate

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25
Q

what are the output cells of the cerebellar cortex

A

purkinje cells

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26
Q

what neurons within the cerebellum release GABA

A

purkinje cells
golgi cells
basket cells
stellate cells

27
Q

where do stellate cells synapse

A

ONLY with purkinje cells

28
Q

what two cell types inhibit purkinje cells

A

stellate and basket cells

29
Q

where is structure from which climibing fibers originate found?

A

inferior olivary nucleus in the medulla

30
Q

where do mossy fibers synapse

A

with granulocytes

31
Q

what afferent fibers of the cerebellum have excitatory influence on purkinje cells

A

climbing fibers

32
Q

what afferent fibers of the cerebellum carry information regarding movement errors

A

climbing fibers

33
Q

what are the functional divisions of the cerebellum

A

vestibulocerebellum
spinocerebellum
pontocerebellum

34
Q

what structures are inhibited by purkinje cells

A

cerebellar and vestibular nuclei

35
Q

what is the vestibulocerebellum synonymous with

A

flocculonodular lobe

36
Q

from what structures does the vestibulocerebellum receive info

A

vestibular nuclei
CN VIII
visual areas

37
Q

what is the function of the vestibulocerebellum

A

coordinate eye movements and postural muscles of head and trunk

38
Q

what structures make up the spinocerebellum

A

vermis

paravermal region

39
Q

from what structures does the spinocerebellum receive info

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract
posterior spinocerebellar tract
cuneocerebellar tract

40
Q

what is the function of the spinocerebellum

A

axial and LE movement

ex. gait and station

41
Q

from what structures does the cerebrocerebellum receive info

A

cerebral cortex info via PONTINE NUCLEI
cortico-pontocerebellar tract
cortico-olivocerebellar tract
cortico-reticulocerebellar tract

42
Q

what is the function of the cerebrocerebellum

A

coordination of movements of the extremities (esp. UE)

43
Q

what information is carried by the posterior spinocerebellar tract

A

unconcious proprioception from LE

44
Q

where do the first and second order neurons of the posterior spinocerebellar tract synapse

A

1st) DRG

2nd) nucleus dorsalis of clarke

45
Q

through what structures do the first and second order neurons of the posterior spinocerebellar tract ascend

A

1st) fasciculus gracilis

2nd) dorsolateral funiculus

46
Q

what information is carried by the cuneocerebellar tract

A

unconscious proprioception from UE

47
Q

where do the first and second order neurons of the cuneocerebellar tract synapse

A

1) DRG

2) accessory cuneate nucleus

48
Q

through what structure does the first order neuron of the cuneocerebellar tract ascend

A

1) fasciculus cuneatus

49
Q

afferent fibers from what tract enter through the superior cerebellar peduncle

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract

50
Q

how can you differentiate between sensory and cerebellar ataxia using rombergs test

A

In sensory ataxia, pt can stand with eyes open but not closed
in cerebellar ataxia, pt cant stand with feet together with eyes open or closed

51
Q

where is the lesion in appendicular ataxia

A

cerebrocerebellum (lateral lesion)

52
Q

a lesion to what structure results in dysdiadochokinesia

A

cerebrocerebellum

53
Q

what is dysdiadochokinesia

A

inability to rapidly alternate movements

54
Q

how would a pt with a lesion of the cerebrocerebellum present

A
  • dysdiadochokinesia
  • dysmetria (positive finger-to-nose test)
  • intention tremor
  • dysarthria (scanning speech)
  • staggering gait
55
Q

what findings are present in truncal instability

A

inability to tandem walk
titubation
wide based gait

56
Q

lesion to what structures cause midline ataxia

A

vestibulocerebellum

spinocerebellum

57
Q

lesion to what cerebellar structure causes nystagmus

A

vestibulocerebellum

58
Q

what are the interposed nuclei

A

globose and eboliform

59
Q

what region of the cerebellum coordinates eye,neck and trunk movements

A

vestibulocerebellum

60
Q

what region of the cerebellum coordinates gait and station

A

spinocerebellum

61
Q

what region of the cerebellum coordinates movements of the UE

A

cerebrocerebellum

62
Q

what two structures make up the inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

restiform and juxtarestiform bodies

63
Q

fibers from what nuclei enter the cerebellar cortex via the juxtarestiform body

A

vestibular nuclei

64
Q

what tract decussates twice

A

ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract

Neuro final (16 decks)

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