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Neuro final > hypothalamus DSA > Flashcards

hypothalamus DSA Flashcards

1
Q

what is the primary role of the hypothalamus

A

maintenance of homeostasis

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2
Q

what are the four divisions of the hypothalamus

A

preoptic area
periventricular zone
medial zone
lateral zone

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3
Q

what two structures comprise the preoptic area of the hypothalamus

A

medial and lateral preoptic nuclei

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4
Q

what nucleus contains neurons that make GnRH

A

medial preoptic nuclei

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5
Q

with what structure is the preoptic area continuous

A

basal forebrain

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6
Q

which ventricle is the periventricular zone adjacent to

A

third

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7
Q

what is the function of the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus

A

synthesis of releasing hormones

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8
Q

what are the three regions of the medial zone

A

supraoptic region
tuberal region
mammilary region

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9
Q

which zone of the hypothalamus contains the medial forebrain bundle

A

lateral zone

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10
Q

what is the “feeding center”

A

the lateral hypothalamic nucleus

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11
Q

what are tuberal nuclei

A

clusters of neurons in the lateral zone of the hypothalamus, forming the tuberoinfundibular tract

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12
Q

what hormones are transmitted by the supraoptic nucleus and to where

A

oxytocin and ADH to the posterior pituitary

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13
Q

what is the function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

receives input from the retina to mediate circadian rhythm

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14
Q

what is the function of the anterior nucleus

A

“range of somatic functions”

temperature regulation

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15
Q

what nucleus is considered to be a “satiety center” and in what region is it

A

ventromedial nucleus

in the tuberal region of the hypothalamus

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16
Q

what is the primary location of neurons that contain releasing hormones

A

arcuate nucleus, in the tuberal region of the hypothalamus

17
Q

axons making up the mamillothalamic tract originate from what nucleus

A

medial mammillary nucleus

18
Q

from what structure does the intermediate and lateral mamillary nuclei receive input

A

reticular formation via the mamillary peduncle

19
Q

what nucleus of the hypothalamus merges with the PAG

A

posterior hypothalamic nucleus

20
Q

what is the arterial supply to the hypothalamus

A

perforating arteries from the circle of willis

21
Q

what hypothalamic structures are supplied by the A1 segment of ACA

A

preoptic area
supraoptic region
septal nuclei
rostral part of lateral area

22
Q

what hypothalamic areas and supplied by the P1 segment of PCA and posterior communicating a

A

tuberal and mammillary regions

23
Q

what is the largest single input to the hypothalamus

A

fornix

24
Q

what two structures are formed at the division of the fornix and where is the division

A

divides at anterior commission into hippocampus and subiculum

25
Q

what structures are connected by the medial forebrain bundle

A

septal nuclei
hypothalamus
tegmentum of the midbrain

26
Q

where does the stria terminalis terminate

A

septal nuclei
preoptic area
medial hypothalamic zone

27
Q

what are the amygdalohypothalamic fibers

A

stria terminalis

ventral amygdalofugal pathway

28
Q

from what structure does the mammillary fasciculus arise

A

medial mammillary nucleus

29
Q

what structures arise from the bifurcation of the mammillary fasciculus

A

mammillothalamic tract

mammillotegmental tract

30
Q

between what structures do the lateral hypothalamothalamic fibers project

A

lateral preoptic area =>dorsomedial nucleus and amygdaloid nucleus

31
Q

what fibers link the hypothalamus and the ANS

A

hypothalamospinal and hypothalamomedullary

32
Q

where do the hypothalamospinal fibers terminate

A

intermediolateral cell column

33
Q

where do the hypothalamomedullary fibers terminate

A

solitary nucleus
dorsal vagal motor nucleus
nucleus ambiguus

Neuro final (16 decks)

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