hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

how does temperature affect cellular function

A

enzyme activity (CoQ10)

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2
Q

what are the three locations of thermoreceptors

A

brain
viscera
cutaneous

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3
Q

how do the thermoreceptors of the viscera differ from those of the brain

A

they not only detect core temperature, but also “threat” of temperature changes from hot/cold ingested food

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4
Q

are there more warm or cold cutaneous thermoreceptors

A

10x more cold sensitive

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5
Q

what structures in the brain hold the thermoreceptors

A

pre-optic and supraoptic regions of the hypothalamus

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6
Q

are there more warm or cold hypothalamic thermoreceptors

A

3x more warm

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7
Q

what thermoreceptors sense core temperature

A

visceral and brain

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8
Q

what three aspects of thermoregulation are carried out in the hypothalamus

A
  • determining set point (goal core temp)
  • receipt of current temp info
  • deciding how to adjust
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9
Q

which part of the hypothalamus is responsible for responding to heat

A

anterior - heat loss

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10
Q

which part of the hypothalamus is responsible for responding to cold

A

posterior - heat production

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11
Q

why do babies need extra fat

A

they have a large surface area in proportion to size so they lose heat more quickly

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12
Q

what two hormones are involved in heat production

A

thyroxine

epinephrine

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13
Q

what structure tells you to shiver by increasing motor neuron excitation

A

dorsomedial posterior hypothalamus

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14
Q

how does food intake affect body temperature

A

increased food intake => increase metabolism

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15
Q

why is brown adipose tissue significant for temperature maintenence

A

it has uncoupling proteins that DECREASE the efficiency of ATP hydrolysis, resulting in MORE heat production

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16
Q

what tells brown adipose tissue to increase heat production

A

sympathetic innervation

circulating epi

17
Q

what are the two types of evaporative heat loss

A
  • insensible (panting like a dog)

- sweating

18
Q

what causes flushing

A

increased core temperature causes more blood to the skin for heat to dissipate

19
Q

how are sweat glands activated

A

ACh => mAChR

20
Q

what will the content of sweat be like if there is a low flow rate through the sweat glands

A
  • little water

- high [Na]

21
Q

what will the content of sweat be like if there is a high flow rate through the sweat glands and why

A
  • lots of water (b/c no time for water to be absorbed)

- low [Na]

22
Q

is a fever a result of failure to lose enough heat

A

NO - set point is increased b/c of infection

23
Q

what is the major player causing an increase in set point when there is infection

A

PGE2

24
Q

why do you have chills associated with fever

A

body is trying to heat up to new, increased set point

25
Q

what is responsible for the recovery period after an infection is gone

A

set point has gone down to normal and core temp needs to decrease
-apathy, anorexia