Volatiles Flashcards

1
Q

Uses of aromatic essential oils

A
  • Perfumes, scents, flavouring, insect repellant

- Many are terpenes

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2
Q

Examples of terpene aromatics

A
  • Limonene

- Menthol

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3
Q

Where are volatiles often found in plants and why?

A
  • Often found in flowers, leaves, and fruits

- Mostly function for attraction

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4
Q

What is the human use for volatiles?

A
  • Perfumes based on plant essential oils

- 75% are now synthetic

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5
Q

What are some important scent plants?

A
  • Rose, Rosa, Rosaceae, rose family

- Lavender, Lavendula, Lamiaceae, mint family

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6
Q

What is a major challenge in perfume making?

A
  • How to hold the scent
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7
Q

What scents and flavourings are often used to provide ‘taste’ and smell?

A
  • Mint family, Lamiaceae, very rich in aromatic plants

- Citrus family, Rutaceae

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8
Q

Plants in the Mint family

A
  • Menthol, basil, sage, rosemary

- Has the most plants used for their smell

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9
Q

Citrus family and uses of aromatics, limonene

A
  • Fragrant flowers, leaves, and fruit peel
  • Limonene, a monoterpene, smell of oranges, lemons
  • Oily, can work as solvent in cleaner
  • Dissolve styrofoam
  • Bergamot orange, oil for Earl Grey tea flavour
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10
Q

What are other functions of plant volatiles in plants?

A
  • Defensive response, herbivore-induced plant volatiles
  • Release volatile chemicals to attract natural enemies of herbivores
  • Approx. 2000 volatile compounds released in response to herbivore attacks have been identified in many plant families
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11
Q

Experiments that show defensive response of plant volatiles, spider mites

A
  • Plants infested w/ herbivorous spider mites
  • Predatory mites go to plants that have been chewed on by spider mites based on odour of infested leaves, ignore control leaves w/ no mites
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12
Q

Experiments that show defensive response of plant volatiles, corn roots

A
  • Corn roots damaged by insect larvae, in ground signal
  • Emit signal that attract nematodes to infect insects
  • Can be applied to agricultural practice
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13
Q

Defensive response of plants with volatiles

A
  • Released when attacked by herbivores or infesting pests
  • Signals predators of herbivores or pests to come to that plant
  • Signal can work below ground
  • Act as warning signal to other parts of same plant and to neighbouring plants
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14
Q

Why do mountain ranges appear blue in some lighting? What is the purpose for the plant?

A
  • Trees/shrubs emit 500 million tons of isoprene to atm
  • Isoprene scatters sunlight at the short wavelengths (blue)
  • Gives blue tinge to mountain ranges
  • May protect plant photosynthesis from heat
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