Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio334Plnts&Ppl > SeaweedsMarineMacroAlgae > Flashcards

SeaweedsMarineMacroAlgae Flashcards

1
Q

Seaweeds are ancestors of what? How old are they? What Kingdom are they?

A
  • Ancestors of Land Plants
  • Green Algae is 700-800mya
  • Kingdom Plantae (and Protista)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Historically, what were seaweeds referred to?

A

Marine Plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many species of seaweed have been identified, and where are they most prominent?

A
  • over 7000 species

- Temperate waters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Physical form of most seaweeds

A
  • Benthic, attach to rock (one exception)
  • Diverse physical forms
  • Some have gas bladders for flotation and keep posture erect
  • Hydroskeletons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Colloid polysaccharides provide what for seaweeds?

A
  • flexible hydroskeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How much do seaweeds contribute to ocean primary productivity?

A

2-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do seaweeds absorb nutrients?

A
  • through cell wall over entire surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 major groups of seaweed? And what is the most obvious distinction?

A
  • Green, Red, Brown

- Visible distinction in pigments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Division Chlorophyta, and where common, and form

A
  • Green algae
  • Vivid green colour from chlorophylls
  • Only 10% species are marine, common in estuaries, low salinity
  • Very thin forms, 1-2 cell layers thick
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Division Phaeophyta , and where common and form

A
  • Brown Algae (tan-brown)
  • Kingdom Protista
  • Brown pigment fucoxanthin
  • Large seaweeds of temperate waters
  • Kelps
  • Usually perennial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Kelps: how big can they get, what kind of algae, and name a species?

A
  • Often brown algae
  • Can form entire marine habitats, like forests
  • Giant kelp, Macrocystis can grow down to 40m, up to 1m/day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Division Rhodophyta, pigments, distribution, form

A
  • Red Algae (red-purplish colours)
  • Phycoerythrin (red)
  • Phycocyanin (blueish)
  • Most numerous seaweed, wide distribution to warmer waters and greater depth
  • Mostly blades, and small fine forms, some rigid calcified forms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Seaweed life cycle

A
  • Complex with alternation of generations with different reproductive phases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Accessory pigments and light filtration

A
  • Not chlorophyll
  • Absorb different wavelengths of light to transfer to photosynthetic system
  • Light filtered out by water, longer wavelengths first
  • Can show distinct growth zonation in depth of water
  • More distinct where light is limiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Main human uses of seaweed

A
  • Food
  • Carageenan, agar
  • Animal feed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Seaweed as food

A
  • Dulse in East coast Canada, a red algae
  • Kelps common in China, Japan, Korea, as nori, Porphyra, a red
  • Porphyra also harvest by local FN
  • Historically important in Asia for inland populations as a dietary source of iodine
17
Q

What important dietary feature makes seaweed consumption important for inland populations of Asia?

A
  • Iodine
18
Q

Porphyra

A
  • Red algae

- Important food source in Asia and for FN

19
Q

Colloid polysaccharides

A
  • Alginic acid, carrageenan, agar

- Colloid keeps molecules in fluid in suspension

20
Q

Alginic acid

A
  • From kelps

- Used as a thickening agent in food and other products

21
Q

Carageenan

A
  • From red algae
  • Emulsifier, gelling agent in creamy texture foods and cosmetics
  • Ice cream, chocolate milk, yogurt, pudding, toothpaste
22
Q

Agar

A
  • From red algae
  • Polysaccharides
  • Gelling agent in laboratory research
  • Make culture medium gels for bacteria, fungi, plants
  • Agarose gels for DNA mapping
23
Q

Shortage of Agar

A
  • Currently supply is short
  • Cannot be replaced synthetically
  • Cannot be cultivated in large scale at present time
  • Biotechnology is dependent on some types of seaweeds!
24
Q

Seaweed in cow feed does what?

A
  • Reduces methane emission almost entirely
25
Q

Methane and cows

A
  • Methane significant green-house gas
  • Cow releases btwn 70-120kgs/year through burping
  • Estimate 1.3-1.5 billion cows in the world
26
Q

How was seaweed identified as a benefit to cow diet?

A
  • Prince Edward Island dairy farmer noticed cows grazing on washed-up seaweeds were healthier and more productive
27
Q

Australian study in 2015 showed that what kind of seaweed was particularly effective in cow diet?

A
  • Red Alga, Asparagopsis

- With production of bromoform which interferes with rumen enzymes

Bio334Plnts&Ppl (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions