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Bio334Plnts&Ppl > OldGrowthForestAncientForestAlliance > Flashcards

OldGrowthForestAncientForestAlliance Flashcards

1
Q

Guest Lecturer(s)

A
  • Andrea Inness and TJ Watt
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2
Q

Oldest ‘vegetable’ in the world

A

Sitka spruce

- Also oldest mushroom documented

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3
Q

Temperate rainforest

A
  • Trees large not just b/c of genetics
  • Climate for 12 month growth period
  • Usually lots of rainfall
  • over 75% has been converted to 2nd growth
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4
Q

How much of old growth temperate rainforest has been converted to 2nd growth?

A

Over 75%

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5
Q

How much rainfall does a Coastal Douglas Fir forest receive?

A

70-80cm rainfall/year

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6
Q

How much rainfall does a Coastal Western Hemlock forest receive?

A

up to 400cm/year

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7
Q

How much of original old growth forest remains?

A
  • only 1%
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8
Q

What kind of forest has the highest biological productivity?

A
  • old growth
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9
Q

How much of Vancouver Island is protected park area?

A
  • Over 13%
  • Not much actual forest
  • Much of this protects alpine/subalpine and bog habitats
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10
Q

Why is old growth forest ecosystem unique and important?

A
  • Hold and filter rain water, responsible for water quality of streams, important for salmon lifecycle
  • Recycle nutrients back to forest
  • Carbon sequestration
  • Nesting habitat for MaMu
  • Biodiversity
  • Habitat
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11
Q

Carbon sequestration of old growth forests vs. 2nd growth

A

200-300 years for old growth, 60-70 for 2nd growth

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12
Q

What makes the old growth trees the source of habitat for Marbled Murrelets?

A
  • Epiphytes and moss create a ‘soil’ layer for nests

- MaMu have web feet that can only land on that moss

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13
Q

What kind of animals does old growth forest provide habitat for?

A
  • Over 500 species of organisms: insects, spiders, mites, salamanders
  • Mountain caribou, threatened by habitat fragmentation
  • spotted owl restricted to old growth
  • Van. Isl. wolverine, not seen since 1990’s
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14
Q

What is the primary prey of Van. Isl. wolverines?

A
  • Van. Isl. Marmots

- Only recovering in limited protected area

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15
Q

Protected areas of old growth forest on VI

A
  • Avatar grove, Port Renfrew
  • Central Walbran Valley, Castle grove, red cedar stands
  • Echo Lake, lower mainland, 10000 eagles counted nesting in forest
  • Big Lonely Doug, single tall Doug Fir left in clear-cut in 2012
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16
Q

Avatar Grove

A
  • Protected area of old growth forest near Port Renfrew
  • Old growth trees labelled for
    logging
  • Protected in 2002 after 2 years of campaign efforts
  • Boardwalk placed in to protect tree roots from visitors
17
Q

Old growth trees and habitat, some examples

A
  • Hollow up on trunk provides bear den
  • Fallen tree can lay on ground and parts stay upright
  • Chemistry of wood help maintain dead wood to form nurse logs
  • Lichens spread slow, therefore more in old growth
  • Great fungal variety
18
Q

Culturally Modified Trees (CMT)

A
  • Examined by FN for possible use

- Cut hole in trunk to look at heart to see if suitable for canoe or post

19
Q

Importance of Pacific yew tree

A
  • Taxus brevifolia
  • Hard wood, used for harpoons
  • Bark source of taxol, anti-cancer drug
20
Q

Devil’s club trees

A
  • Found in sunny spots of old growth forest

- Roots and berries used medicinally by native people

21
Q

Indian hellebore

A

very poisonous plant, found in old growth forest

22
Q

Lichens and old growth forests, how do they help deer, and what species?

A
  • Lichen ubiquitous in old growth b/c can spread and grow longer
  • Fallen usnia lichen on fir boughs helps deer digest fir boughs when eaten together
23
Q

What species of lichen can be eaten?

A
  • Lobaria
24
Q

Fungus in old growth forests

A
  • Great variety of fungus
  • Fungal mycorrhizal filaments underground allow trees to share nutrients with other trees
  • Sustain ‘tree’s knee’s’, fallen portion of tree that can be maintained living by mycorrhizal network
25
Q

Ancient Forest Alliance Efforts

A
  • Take measurement of trees for documentation
  • Promote tribal parks for FN communities at Meares Island in Clayquot Sound (site of first anti-logging protest in early 1980’s)
  • Reach out to communities and forest workers and unions to promote economic advantages of keeping old growth forest
  • Promote keeping log processing in BC
26
Q

How much are raw log exports each year?

A
  • 6 million cubic meters/year
  • Easy logging is done, diminishing returns of scale
  • Rainforest alliance promotes keeping log processing in BC
27
Q

What is the precedent for success of conservation of old growth?

A
  • Great Bear Rainforest

- BC is improving policy but

28
Q

How many acres of old growth are destroyed each year?

A
  • 11,000 acres destroyed/year despite BC gov’t policy improvements

Bio334Plnts&Ppl (30 decks)

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