Vocabulary 1st phase questions 🇺🇸

Question 1

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E):

In the fragment “may require forking out cash to a recruitment agency” (line 2), the underlined expression means “paying”.

Trecho: Finding a lathe operator — competent or otherwise — takes more than six months, and may require forking out cash to a recruitment agency.

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Answer 1

Item certo! ✅

The definition of “fork out” is “to pay, especially with reluctance”. But notice that the dictionary entry includes the classification “slang”, so this is NOT a phrasal verb for you to use in the 2nd phase.

Question 2

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “Strikes in France against a pensions overhaul are in their second month.” (line 56), the underlined word means “reduction”.

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Answer 2

Item errado! ❌

The definition of “overhaul” is examination and repair, analysis and adjustment, that is, analyzing something and changing it as necessary.

Question 3

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “rows of ancient vellum papers and manuscripts” (line 9), the underlined word is a more formal term for “old”.

Trecho: There, among the endless rows of ancient vellum papers and manuscripts, he found Jane’s testimony. And something about it struck him as odd.

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Answer 3

Item errado! ❌

The definition of “vellum” is “animal skin treated for use as a writing surface”.

Question 4

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “a particularly tantalising detail” (line 15), the underlined word means “awkward”.

Trecho: But as he read through Jane’s criminal deposition, two words seemed to carry an echo of a particularly tantalising detail of life in the 17th Century, which he had never encountered before — “first sleep”.

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Answer 4

Item errado! ❌

The definition of “tantalizing” is “attractive; intriguing”.

Question 5

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “I can cite the original document almost verbatim” (line 16), the underlined word means “word for word”.

Trecho: “I can cite the original document almost verbatim,” says Ekirch, whose exhilaration at his discovery is palpable even decades later.

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Answer 5

Item certo! ✅

The definition of “verbatim” is “word for word; textually; literally”.

Question 6

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In line 46, “rousing from this initial slumber” means “come out from this first sleep”.

Trecho: For example, female children would typically lie at one side of the bed, with the oldest nearest the wall, followed by the mother and father, then male children – again arranged by age – then non-family members. A couple of hours later, people would begin rousing from this initial slumber. The night-time wakefulness usually lasted from around 23:00 to about 01:00, depending on what time they went to bed.

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Answer 6

Item certo! ✅

The definition of “to rouse” is “to come out of a state of sleep, unconsciousness, inactivity, apathy, depression, etc”.

Question 7

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “make do with writing on the skins of calves” (line 8), the underlined expression means “learn to write”.

Trecho: In the Middle East, the introduction of paper coincided with the Golden Age of Islam, allowing scholars to record their breakthroughs in the budding fields of astronomy, medicine, engineering, literature and mathematics. It took more than a thousand years to arrive in Europe, where people had to make do with writing on the skins of calves, goats and sheep. When large-scale paper milling finally reached Europe, it made mass literacy possible in the region for the first time.

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Answer 7

Item errado! ❌

The definition of “make do” is “to get along with the means available, especially insufficient means”, that is, resorting to writing on the skins of calves, goats and sheep because there was no better option.

Question 8

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “predicting the demise of this ancient wonder” (line 10), the underlined word means “death”.

Trecho: Today, in an age of computers, smartphones and e-books, you could be forgiven for predicting the demise of this ancient wonder material.

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Answer 8

Item certo! ✅

Some synonyms for “demise” (the first ones are closest in meaning) (please check register and use and remember to include this information in your study notes): death; collapse; departure; dissolution; downfall; extinction; failure; passing; termination; annihilation; curtains; decease; dying; end; ending; expiration; fall; quietus; ruin; silence; sleep; final thrill; last out; last roundup; lights out; number’s up.

Some antonyms for “demise” (please check register and use and remember to include this information in your study notes): accomplishment; beginning; rise; start; success; birth; commencement; construction; creation; opening.

A strong collocation Teacher Rachel once said: the demise of the Soviet Union.

Question 9

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “We might be edging towards a cashless society” (line 13), the underlined word means “moving fast”.

Trecho: We might be edging towards a cashless society, but the paperless society, as the American librarian Jesse Shera famously put it, “is about as plausible as the paperless bathroom”.

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Answer 9

Item errado! ❌

The definition of “edge” is “to advance gradually or cautiously”, that is, carefully and slowly.

Question 10

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “the EU has pledged to eradicate” (line 17), the underlined word means “managed”.

Trecho: In Canada, the government recently approved a ban on certain plastic items, while the EU has pledged to eradicate some of the most notorious by 2021. Some Indian states have gone further, ditching single-use plastic altogether.

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Answer 10

Item errado! ❌

The definition of “pledge” is “to promise formally”.

Question 11

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “how to deal with soiled paper” (line 53), the underlined word means “packing”.

Trecho: Another big challenge in the world of recycling is how to deal with soiled paper.

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Answer 11

Item errado! ❌

The definition of “soiled” is “dirty, or filthy, especially on the surface”.

Question 12

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “Another milestone occurred in 1853” (line 7), the underlined word means “turning point”.

Trecho: Another milestone occurred in 1853, when the Compulsory Vaccination Act required infants in England and Wales to be vaccinated against smallpox.

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Answer 12

Item certo! ✅

The definition of “milestone” is “a turning point; a landmark; an important occasion”.

Question 13

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “then some people getting spooked by a novel vaccine” (line 10), the underlined word means “scared”.

Trecho: Though some vaccines, like for polio, were initially popular, one noticeable pattern is the public getting used to a particular vaccine requirement over time, then some people getting spooked by a novel vaccine.

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Answer 13

Item certo! ✅

The definition of “to spook” is “to scare; to frighten”.

Question 14

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “some objections have arisen over the components” (line 23) the underlined word can correctly be replaced with “aroused”.

Trecho: Over the centuries, some objections have arisen over the components used to make vaccines. Certain vaccines include tiny amounts of animal products, like squalene, an oil from shark livers.

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Answer 14

Item errado! ❌

“Arise” is an intransitive verb and “arouse” is a transitive verb, so they cannot be used interchangeably. The same is true of “rise” and “raise”.

Question 15

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “vaccination mandates do increase uptake” (line 54), the underlined word means “immunity”.

Trecho: Yet as we’re seeing now with Covid-19, and as before with smallpox, vaccination mandates do increase uptake.

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Answer 15

Item errado! ❌

The definition of “uptake” is the act of accepting or takin up something on offer or something available.

Question 16

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “vociferous anti-vaccine movements all over Europe” (lines 62-63) the underlined word means “long-lasting”.

Trecho: Some health experts are nervous about mandatory vaccination because these policies may diminish trust in medical authorities over the long term. Vaccine mandates have led to violent riots in Brazil and may have contributed to vociferous anti-vaccine movements all over Europe, for instance.

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Answer 16

Item errado! ❌

The definition of “vociferous” is “making an outcry or loud noises; clamorous”.

Question 17

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “those ominous predictions” (lines 1-2), the underlined word means “threatening”.

Trecho: When America took a protectionist turn two years ago, it provoked dark warnings about the miseries of the 1930s. Today those ominous predictions look misplaced. Yes, China is slowing. And, yes, Western firms exposed to China, such as Apple, have been clobbered.

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Answer 17

Item certo! ✅

The definition of “ominous” is “dangerous, threatening, inauspicious”.

Question 18

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “global sprawl burns money” (line 13), the underlined word means “trade”.

Trecho: Globalisation has slowed from light speed to a snail’s pace in the past decade for several reasons. The cost of moving goods has stopped falling. Multinational firms have found that global sprawl burns money and that local rivals often eat them alive.

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Answer 18

Item errado! ❌

The meaning of sprawl in this context is expansion, spread.

Question 19

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “fragile backdrop to Mr Trump’s trade war” (line 16), the underlined word means “argument”.

Trecho: This is the fragile backdrop to Mr Trump’s trade war. Tariffs tend to get the most attention. If America ratchets up duties on China in March, as it has threatened, the average tariff rate on all American imports will rise to 3.4%, its highest for 40 years.

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Answer 19

Item errado! ❌

The definition of “backdrop” is “background, setting”.

Question 20

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

The sentence “Less glaring, but just as pernicious, is that rules of commerce are being rewritten around the world.” (line 18) can correctly be rephrased as “Less obvious, but equally harmful, is that trade rules are being changed around the globe.”

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Answer 20

Item certo! ✅

The definition of “glaring” is “patent, obvious, flagrant” and the definition of “pernicious” is “injurious, hurtful, harmful”.

Question 21

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the sentence “In the end it will only feed the discontent.” (line 52), the underlined words can correctly be replaced with “At the end”.

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Answer 21

Item errado! ❌

“In the end” means “eventually”.

“At the end” presupposes a defined duration, with beginning, middle and end, and is usually followed by the preposition “of” (“at the end of the movie”, “at the end of the year”).

The same logic is true of “in the beginning” and “at the beginning (of)”.

Question 22

Inglês

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In line 1, “seething” means “extremely disappointed”.

Trecho: The prime minister is “seething”. Newspapers have accused the BBC of siding with foreigners.

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Answer 22

Item errado! ❌

The definition of “seething” is “in a state of extreme agitation, especially through anger”.

Question 23

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “a Conservative MP collars the chairman” (lines 2-3), the underlined word means “strangle”.

Trecho: In Parliament, a Conservative MP collars the chairman of the publicly owned broadcaster to declare: “You, sir, are a traitor!” (“Stuff you!” he retorts.)

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Answer 23

Item errado! ❌

The definition of “collar” as a verb is “to seize by the collar”.

Question 24

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In line 4, “retorts” can correctly be replaced with “adds”.

Trecho: In Parliament, a Conservative MP collars the chairman of the publicly owned broadcaster to declare: “You, sir, are a traitor!” (“Stuff you!” he retorts.)

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Answer 24

Item errado! ❌

The definition of retort is: reply, usually in a sharp or retaliatory way.

Question 25

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “the bust-up occurred 40 years ago” (lines 7-8), the underlined word means “quarrel”.

Trecho: In fact the bust-up occurred 40 years ago, when the BBC’s coverage of the Falklands war enraged Margaret Thatcher (though she continued to enjoy “Yes Minister” a BBC political comedy).

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Answer 25

Item certo! ✅

The definition of bust-up is: (chiefly British) a quarrel, disturbance, punch-up.

Question 26

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In line 4, “following” can correctly be replaced with “due to”.

Trecho: The stationing of 130,000 African-American GIs in Britain had obliged the BBC to make its programming more racially sensitive; but in 1950, following viewers’ complaints, its controller of television ruled that “love songs between white and coloured artists must be very scrupulously considered”.

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Answer 26

Item certo! ✅

Due to means because of and can be followed by a noun or a verb in the -ing form.

Question 27

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In line 12, “sprouting” means “be carefully controlled”.

Trecho: By then TV aerials — the “devil’s forks” they were known to some — were sprouting on every rooftop.

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Answer 27

Item errado! ❌

The definition of sprout is: to begin to grow or develop.

Question 28

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In line 17, “on the grounds that” can correctly be replaced with “due to”.

Trecho: When Yoko Ono read a poem about her miscarriage on the radio in 1968, the chairman of the BBC’s governors, Charles Hill, objected on the grounds that she and John Lennon were not married.

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Answer 28

Item errado! ❌

Due to is a synonym for on the grounds that, but cannot be followed by a sentence, only by a noun or a verb in the -ing form.

Question 29

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In line 26, “knack” means “special talent”.

Trecho: In 1997 Princess Diana’s funeral was a test of the BBC’s nascent website, which experimented with audio and video clips for the occasion. Still, in its 100 years the BBC has shown a knack for survival.

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Answer 29

Item certo! ✅

The definition of knack is: a particular talent or aptitude, a gift.

Question 30

Inglês — Simulado Clipping 2024:

Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E), according to text 1.

In the text, the word “coupled” (l. 3) can be substituted by “joined” or “fixed” with no change in meaning.

Trecho: Although one should remain critical and sceptical of the way that states and other global governance actors have coupled humanitarian objectives with military force, non-intervention as a general doctrine is not an ethically plausible stance in today’s world order.

Answer 30

Item errado! ❌

Eu acho que pode ser substituído por “joined”, mas não por “fixed”.

Justificativa do GPT:

The word “coupled” implies a close combination or connection between two things, suggesting that humanitarian objectives and military force are used together or intertwined by states and global governance actors.

• If you substitute coupled with joined, the meaning remains mostly intact, as joined can also imply bringing two things together. However, joined may not convey the same sense of intertwining or strategic combination that coupled does, which adds nuance to the original sentence. So, joined is a valid substitute but might slightly weaken the implication of strategic combination.
• If you substitute coupled with fixed, the meaning changes. Fixed suggests something being permanently attached or repaired, which does not align with the intended meaning of bringing two elements together. Therefore, fixed is not an appropriate substitute in this context.

Coupled = associado, combinado, vinculado.

Joined = unido, juntado.

Fixed = fixado, estabelecido.

Question 31

Inglês — Simulado Clipping 2024:

Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E), according to text 1.

The word “cast” (l. 35) can be substituted by “thrown” with no change in grammar or meaning.

Trecho: Drawing on an alternative view, a feminist ethics of care, exposes the way in which a particular, masculinist conception of individual rights and militarism is wrongly cast as a universal solution for the world’s victims of violent conflict.

Answer 31

Item errado! ❌

Justificativa do GPT:

In the sentence provided, “cast” is used to suggest that the masculinist conception of individual rights and militarism is portrayed or framed as a universal solution. While “thrown” can sometimes serve as a synonym for “cast,” in this context, “cast” carries a more specific connotation related to shaping or presenting an idea in a certain way.

Substituting “cast” with “thrown” would alter the meaning slightly, as “thrown” generally implies a more abrupt or careless action, while “cast” here implies a deliberate portrayal. Therefore, “thrown” is not a perfect substitute for “cast” in this context without changing the nuance of the sentence.

In this context, “cast” could be translated into Portuguese as “apresentado”, “retratado”, or “moldado”. These terms convey the idea that the masculinist conception is being deliberately framed or depicted as a universal solution.

Question 32

Inglês — Simulado Clipping 2024:

Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E), according to text 2.

In the text, the word “harness” (l. 10) can be substituted by the word ‘channel’ with no change in meaning.

Trecho: It was a moment when everything seemed possible, especially if we could harness the power of international institutions and their core members to work together with common purpose.

Answer 32

Item certo! ✅

in this context, the word “harness” can be substituted by “channel” without changing the overall meaning. Both terms imply directing or guiding something (in this case, “the power of international institutions and their core members”) toward a specific goal or purpose. “Harness” typically emphasizes the act of controlling or making use of something’s power, while “channel” highlights directing that power toward a particular outcome.

The translations for the words would be:

• Harness: Aproveitar or Controlar (emphasizing the act of taking advantage of or managing power).
• Channel: Canalizar (emphasizing directing or guiding power toward a specific purpose).

*Justificativa do GPT.

Question 33

Inglês — Simulado Clipping 2024:

Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E), according to text 3.

In the text, the word “creak” (l. 8) expresses the meaning of continuing functioning despite difficulties.

Trecho: We have not been looted of our law or language. Our institutions haven’t been wiped out – they creak on. Some of this happened in other places – Nagasaki and Hiroshima took the bomb, and foul tyrannies took over in eastern Europe and elsewhere – but not all at once and not all in the same way.

Answer 33

Item errado! ❌

Comentário de um candidato: o erro da questão está na afirmação que a PALAVRA “creak” que dá o sentido de funcionando, mesmo que com dificuldades. O que da esse sentido é a expressão inteira “creak on”.

Info GPT: “Our institutions haven’t been wiped out – they ‘creak on,’” the phrase “creak on” is metaphorical. It suggests that the institutions are still functioning, but they are old, worn out, and inefficient — continuing in a slow, unstable, or ineffective way, much like an old machine or door that “creaks” when moved.

Translation into Portuguese: “Nossas instituições não foram destruídas – elas continuam a funcionar, ainda que de maneira lenta e desgastada.”

The “creaking” here highlights the persistence of institutions despite their fragility or imperfections.

Question 34

Inglês — Simulado Clipping 2024:

Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E), according to text 3.

In the text, the word “mass” (l. 70), in the phrase “mass narcissism” can be substituted by the word “widespread” with no change of meaning or grammar.

Trecho: Nobody is in control. Since 1949, far from seeing the submergence of the individual by the state, we have seen the rise of mass narcissism regardless of the state. The US saw an attack on its seat of government on 6 January 2020 by a rabble holding mobile phones to their faces.

Answer 34

Item certo! ✅

Both terms convey a sense of something being extensive or affecting a large number of people.

Question 35

Inglês — Simulado Clipping 2024:

Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E), according to text 3.

The word “travails” (l. 43 e 44) can be substituted by the word “works” with no change in grammar or meaning in both cases in the text.

Trecho: I could make a long list of all our travails compared with all their travails but whatever they are, they are not comparable. Vape lounges are everywhere, but they are not where you go to get vapourised.

Answer 35

Item errado! ❌

In the context of your text, substituting “travails” with “works” would not work without changing the meaning. Here’s why:

• “Travails” generally refers to difficulties or hardships, so it implies struggles or challenges that have been experienced.
• “Works” typically refers to efforts or
  productions (such as literary works or artworks) and does not carry the same connotation of hardship or difficulty.

So, in the sentence, “I could make a long list of all our travails compared with all their travails,” “travails” is used to describe challenges or difficulties faced. Substituting it with “works” would change the meaning to something about comparing efforts or creations, which doesn’t fit the context of hardships or difficulties.

*Justificativa do GPT.

📍Travails = tribulações, dificuldades.

📍Works = trabalhos, obras

[depending on the context]