Grammar 1st phase questions 🇺🇸

Question 1

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “her mother had evidently been expecting” (lines 4-5), the underlined expression can correctly be replaced with “was evidently expecting” without significant change in the meaning of the sentence.

Trecho: As Jane later explained to a courtroom, her mother had evidently been expecting the visitors. She went with them freely – but first whispered to her daughter to “lye still, and shee would come againe in the morning”. Jane’s mother didn’t get to keep her promise – she never returned home.

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Answer 1

Item certo! ✅

In this case, either the past perfect or the past continuous would keep the same meaning because the focus is that specific moment when Jane’s mother was waiting for the men.

Question 2

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragments “as if it were entirely unremarkable” and “as though it was utterly normal” (line 19), the underlined expressions can correctly be replaced with “as though it were” and “as if it was”, respectively.

Trecho: There was no further explanation – the interrupted sleep was just stated matter-of-factly, as if it were entirely unremarkable. “She referred to it as though it was utterly normal,” says Ekirch. A first sleep implies a second sleep – a night divided into two halves. Was this just a familial quirk, or something more?

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Answer 2

Item certo! ✅

Both expressions have the same meaning, use, and register.

Question 3

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In lines 47-48, the fragment “and neither was it initiated by any kind of alarm” can correctly be rewritten as “and it was not initiated by any kind of alarm either”.

Trecho: The night-time wakefulness usually lasted from around 23:00 to about 01:00, depending on what time they went to bed. It was not generally caused by noise or other disturbances in the night – and neither was it initiated by any kind of alarm (these were only invented in 1787, by an American man).

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Answer 3

Item certo! ✅

The structure in the text is an inverted structure because “neither” is positioned before the subject; therefore, it is necessary to change the order between the subject and the verb. In the suggested structure, “either” is positioned after the subject, so it is not necessary to invert the order between the subject and the verb. Both structures have the same meaning, but the first one is more formal and tends to be more often used in written discourse.

Question 4

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In line 68, the preposition “on” can correctly be replaced by “upon”.

Trecho: Just as today, when people finally woke up for good depended on what time they went to bed.

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Answer 4

Item certo! ✅

Both prepositions collocate with the verb “to depend” as well as with one of its synonyms, the verb “to hinge”.

Question 5

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “while paper-based chocolate wrappers” (line 16), the underlined word can correctly be replaced with “whereas”.

Trecho: The last few years has seen numerous retailers announce that they are switching to paper bags, while paper-based chocolate wrappers, ready-meal trays and water bottles have also started to emerge.

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Answer 5

Item errado! ❌

Although both while and whereas may be synonyms when they are used to express contrast, in this sentence while is a time adverb used to relate simultaneous actions taken to reduce the use of plastic.

Question 6

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “the government recently approved” (line 17), the underlined words can correctly be replaced with “has recently approved”.

Trecho: The last few years has seen numerous retailers announce that they are switching to paper bags, while paper-based chocolate wrappers, ready-meal trays and water bottles have also started to emerge. In Canada, the government recently approved a ban on certain plastic items, while the EU has pledged to eradicate some of the most notorious by 2021. Some Indian states have gone further, ditching single-use plastic altogether.

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Answer 6

Item certo! ✅

The use of the present perfect is correct here. Actually, it would be better to use it than to use the simple past since there is no time marker in the past for the simple past to be used in the sentence, and the other verbs in the paragraph are either in the present perfect or in the present.

Question 7

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

The fragment “This is partly due to new technologies, but also because of the increase in recycling.” can correctly be rewritten as “This is partly because of new technologies, but also due to the increase in recycling.”

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Answer 7

Item certo! ✅

Both “due to” and “because of” are used to express cause and are followed by nouns or pronouns, so in this sentence they can be used interchangeably.

Question 8

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

The fragment “Not only does recycled paper save trees” (line 45) can correctly be rewritten as “Recycled paper not only saves trees”.

Trecho: Perhaps the biggest game-changer in the paper world has been recycling. Not only does recycled paper save trees, but it also drastically reduces the amount of just about everything else that it uses up. The popularity of recycled products has been steadily increasing for the last few decades.

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Answer 8

Item certo! ✅

There is inversion only if the restrictive adverb/adverbial (in this case, “not only”) comes before the subject (in this case, “recycled paper”).

Question 9

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “which might be able to help” (line 55), the underlined word can correctly be replaced with “that”.

Trecho: Another big challenge in the world of recycling is how to deal with soiled paper. As avid recyclers will know, even the tiniest amount of grease on a single item, like a pizza box, can lead to the whole recycling bin being rejected. However, there are some innovations on the horizon which might be able to help.

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Answer 9

Item certo! ✅

In restrictive relative clauses, “which” and “that” can be used interchangeably to refer to something.

Question 10

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

The expression “like for polio” (line 9) can correctly be rewritten as “such as the one for polio”.

Trecho: Though some vaccines, like for polio, were initially popular, one noticeable pattern is the public getting used to a particular vaccine requirement over time, then some people getting spooked by a novel vaccine.

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Answer 10

Item certo! ✅

The rewriting is more formal and better to be used in the 2nd phase. In prescriptive terms “like” is used for comparisons and “such as” is used for exemplification.

Question 11

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

The fragment “the more authoritarian the government, the more likely it is to have vaccination mandates” (line 19) can correctly be rewritten as “the more authoritarian the government is, the more likely vaccination mandates are”.

Trecho: There also tends to be a link to the style of government, where “the more authoritarian the government, the more likely it is to have vaccination mandates”.

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Answer 11

Item certo! ✅

Actually, the structure proposed is slightly better, since it is parallel, with a subject followed by a verb in each half of the pair of clauses.

Question 12

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “Asian firms made more foreign sales” (line 32), the underlined word can correctly be replaced with “have made”.

Trecho: In Asia and Europe most trade is already intra-regional, and the share has risen since 2011. Asian firms made more foreign sales within Asia than in America in 2017.

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Answer 12

Item errado! ❌

The present perfect cannot be used in this sentence due to the time marker “in 2017”.

Question 13

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “this need not be a disaster” (line 37), the underlined words can correctly be replaced with “does not have to be”.

Trecho: Fortunately, this need not be a disaster for living standards. Continental-sized markets are large enough to prosper.

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Answer 13

Item certo! ✅

Need in the negative form conveys lack of necessity and the same is true of “have to” in the negative form.

Teacher’s note: if you need to study this point in a grammar book, check for “modal verbs for obligation, prohibition and lack of necessity”.

Question 14

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the sentence “Yet slowbalisation has two big disadvantages.” (line 41), the underlined word means “However”.

Trecho: Yet slowbalisation has two big disadvantages. First, it creates new difficulties. In 1990-2010 most emerging countries were able to close some of the gap with developed ones.

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Answer 14

Item certo! ✅

The meaning is the same, both convey contrast.

BUT Notice that “However” cannot replace “Yet” in this sentence, unless it is followed by a comma, since it is an adverb (“However, slowbalisation has two big disadvantages.”).

“Yet” is not followed by punctuation because it is a conjunction.

Teacher’s note: if you need to study this point in a grammar book, check for “subordination: adverbial clauses”.

Question 15

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the fragment “the problems that globalisation created” (line 46), the underlined word can correctly be replaced with “has created”.

Trecho: Second, slowbalisation will not fix the problems that globalisation created. Automation means there will be no renaissance of blue-collar jobs in the West. Firms will hire unskilled workers in the cheapest places in each region. Climate change, migration and tax-dodging will be even harder to solve without global co-operation.

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Answer 15

Item certo! ✅

The present perfect is appropriate here because:

a) there is no clear time marker in the sentence or in the context;
and
b) the problems were created in the past but they still exist, so there is a connection between past and present.

Question 16

Based on the text, mark the following items as right (C) or wrong (E).

In the sentence “slowbalisation will help it secure regional hegemony yet faster” (lines 48-49), the underlined word means “even”.

Trecho: Climate change, migration and tax-dodging will be even harder to solve without global co-operation. And far from moderating and containing China, slowbalisation will help it secure regional hegemony yet faster.

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Answer 16

Item certo! ✅

Even and still are possible synonyms for yet when it is used for emphasis.

Question 17

Inglês — Simulado Clipping 2024:

Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E), according to text 2.

Based on the text, the phrase “it took to get us to that point” (l. 8 e 9) the word “get” can be substituted with the word “bring” with no change in grammar or meaning.

Trecho: Standing with me were the foreign ministers of the five permanent members of the UN security council – France, the UK, the US, China and Russia, who together with Germany had stuck together throughout the years it took to get us to that point.

Answer 17

Item certo! ✅

Question 18

Inglês — Simulado Clipping 2024:

Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E), according to text 2.

The phrase “It had only one issue to resolve” (l. 56) could be inverted to start “Had it only one issue…” with no change in meaning.

Trecho: It was significant that the Iran talks were hybrid – making use of both tanker and yacht. Authority to do a deal came from the UN security council, which brought the five permanent members, plus Germany, together to work on ensuring the purely peaceful nature of Iran’s nuclear programme. The EU led and chaired the discussion. It had only one issue to resolve, and whatever else was happening was irrelevant to that goal.

Answer 18

Item errado! ❌

Acredito que esteja errado pois aqui não se trata de uma conditional. Essa inversão só é possível em frases condicionais.

Question 19

Inglês — Simulado Clipping 2024:

Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E), according to text 3.

The word “resembling” (l. 5) can be substituted by the word “similar” with no change of meaning or grammar.

Trecho: We’ve never had anyone or anything remotely resembling Big Brother.

Answer 19

Item errado! ❌

In the sentence “We’ve never had anyone or anything remotely resembling Big Brother,” substituting “resembling” with “similar” would change both the grammar and the meaning slightly.

• “Resembling” is a verb here (the present participle of “resemble”), indicating something that looks like or is similar to something else.
• “Similar” is an adjective, so it cannot be directly substituted for “resembling” without altering the sentence structure.
  To use “similar” correctly, you would need to rephrase the sentence:

“We’ve never had anyone or anything remotely similar to Big Brother.” This sentence retains the meaning, but you need to add the preposition “to” after “similar,” as “similar” typically collocates with “to.” Thus, the substitution is not direct and requires a grammatical adjustment.

*Justificativa GPT.