🇺🇸 TPS 2018 Inglês Flashcards
(CESPE / TPS / 2018 / INGLÊS)
In “But this is merely an extension” (R. 27 and 28), the word “this” refers to the statement that “the panda bear in the zoo is China” (R.27).
Trecho: It may sound ridiculous, if not provocative, to posit that the panda bear in the zoo is China. But this is merely an extension of the basic premise of diplomatic theory.
Item errado ❌
O pronome “this” refere-se à ação “to posit that the panda bear in the zoo is China”.
Comentário Ubique: O pronome demonstrativo this refere-se ao ato de “posit that the panda bear in the zoo is China”. Uma maneira interessante de enxergar a diferença é perguntar-se: “What is merely an extension of the basic premise of diplomatic theory?”, para o que a resposta seria: “to posit that…”.
(CESPE / TPS / 2018 / INGLÊS)
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text VI, decide whether the following items are right (C) or wrong (E).
The idiom “Across the pond” (R.19) could be replaced by Overseas, without altering the meaning of the sentence.
Trecho: Across the pond, meanwhile, increasingly powerful populist forces from a broad ideological spectrum are contesting the legitimacy of the European project.
Item errado! ❌
A expressão “Across the pond” significa “the other side of the Atlantic Ocean”. Desse modo, é mais específico que “Overseas”, que significa “beyond or across the sea”.
Comentário Ubique: O termo overseas, mais comum no inglês britânico, significa abroad (no exterior), em outro país. A expressão idiomática across the pond (Lit. do outro lado do lagoa) alude ao Oceano Atlântico, que separa os EUA da Europa, e tem, portanto, sentido mais restrito.
(CESPE / TPS / 2018 / INGLÊS)
In text V, without altering the general meaning of the sentence, “enthralled” (R.8) could be replaced by (mark right — C — or wrong — E):
1) bewitched.
2) captivated.
3) eccentric.
4) colorful.
Trecho: At the core of the original story is how the coarse Cockney girl Liza Doolittle is as a challenge, taken in by the insufferably smug but utterly enthralled professor Henry Higgins, and through painful exercises — “The rain in Spain falls mainly in the plain” —acquires such an impeccably upper-class Oxbridge way of speaking English that at her (and his) ultimate test, a posh ball that she attends incognito, drifting among the cream of British society, the keenest linguistic sleuth in the land dances with this mysterious beauty and in the end declares her too good to be true, and hence not English elite at all, but Hungarian!
1) C = Item certo ✅. Enthralled significa encantado, fascinado, impressionado, conquistado, atraído, embasbacado, enfeitiçado. Bewitched, por sua vez, significa encantado, enfeitiçado.
2) C = Item certo ✅. Enthralled significa encantado, fascinado, impressionado, conquistado, atraído, embasbacado, enfeitiçado. Captivated, por sua vez, significa cativado, seduzido, que tem sentido próximo a encantado.
3) E = Item errado ❌. Enthralled significa encantado, fascinado, impressionado, conquistado, atraído, embasbacado, enfeitiçado. Eccentric é um cognato que significa excêntrico, não correspondendo, portanto, a um sinônimo.
4) E = Item errado ❌. Enthralled significa encantado, fascinado, impressionado, conquistado, atraído, embasbacado, enfeitiçado. Colorful significa colorido, que não guarda qualquer relação com o sentido de enthralled.
(CESPE / TPS / 2018 / INGLÊS)
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text IV, decide whether the following items are right (C) or wrong (E).
The expression “on a par with” (R.30) means competing.
Trecho: Chartism is an example of the latter: financial economists regard it as on a par with astrology, but manyor traders take it seriously, and act on the basis of it.
Item errado ❌
On a par with significa at the same level or standard as (someone or something else).
Comentário Ubique: On par with significa no mesmo nível de, equivalente a. O autor não sugere, portanto, uma concorrência entre chartism e astrology.
(CESPE / TPS / 2018 / INGLÊS)
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text IV, decide whether the following items are right (C) or wrong (E).
Using based on instead of “on the basis of” (R.31) would not alter the general meaning of the sentence.
Trecho: Chartism is an example of the latter: financial economists regard it as 30on a par with astrology, but many traders take it seriously, and act 31on the basis of it.
Item certo! ✅
Apesar de ter sido considerado correto, as expressões “on the basis of” e “based on” são semanticamente similares mas sintaticamente não são intercambiáveis, já que o primeiro modifica verbos, o segundo, substantivos.
Comentário Ubique: As duas expressões apresentadas são equivalentes. Outras possibilidades são: as stated by, according to, in accordance with, in line with, in conformity with, conforming to, in compliance with, in agreement with, in consonance with.
(CESPE / TPS / 2018 / INGLÊS)
The word “armoury” (R.3) can be correctly replaced by arsenal since both words can be used in the context to indicate the skills a diplomat should have.
Trecho: Few persons can embody them all, but the greater part of a diplomat’s armoury can be developed and improved by sincere application guided by advice and example of his/her seniors.
Item certo ✅
Comentário Ubique: Armoury/armory significa arsenal, sala de armas, depósito de armas. Devido ao seu uso no sentido figurado, caberia, igualmente, o uso de arsenal, um sinônimo quase perfeito.
(CESPE / TPS / 2018 / INGLÊS)
Because the word “deployed” (R.40) can be related to the meaning of putting troops or weapons in a position ready to be used, in the text it reinforces the idea that panda bears have acquired political and strategic significance.
Trecho: And there are good grounds for sensing a foreign policy tool in the giant pandas that now reside in zoos all over the world. They prominently embody China’s modern public diplomacy; they are non-human material deliberately deployed by the Chinese government to the soil of other states; and they have, at times, served as the primary means of expressing inter-state sentiment — during times of both conflict and cooperation —, in instances of the so-called “panda diplomacy”.
Item certo ✅
Comentário Ubique: Perceba a estrutura do parágrafo: o tópico frasal (ou topic sentence) introduz a ideia de que os pandas são instrumentos de política externa. Os períodos seguintes (“They prominently…panda diplomacy”) dão sustentação a essa tese ilustrando três funções dos pandas na política externa chinesa.
(CESPE / TPS / 2018 / INGLÊS)
As used in the text, the word “posit” (R.26) is synonymous with ignore.
Trecho: It may sound ridiculous, if not provocative, to posit that the panda bear in the zoo is China.
Item errado! ❌
A palavra “posit” significa “to propose as an explanation: SUGGEST”.
Comentário Ubique: To posit tem o sentido de afirmar, supor, postular. É, no contexto, justamente o oposto de ignore.
(CESPE / TPS / 2018 / INGLÊS)
The point made by the author in “Unfortunately, it was (…) that of representation” (R. 8 to 11) would remain the same if this passage were rewritten as Sadly, only recently have political scientists started to actively engage in the study of diplomacy as a conceptual phenomenon, and this delay has led to the irrefutable axiom of representation.
Trecho: Unfortunately, it was only recently that political scientists have embarked on exploring diplomacy systematically as a conceptual phenomenon, generating one unquestionable axiom: that of representation.
Item errado! ❌
O autor não afirma que houve um atraso no engajamento dos estudos diplomáticos, mas que a busca pelo entendimento dessas questões é recente.
Comentário Ubique: Dois pontos disparam o alarme:
- “actively engage” parece extrapolar o sentido de “have embarked”, que remete à ideia de começar a fazer algo, mas não necessariamente com entusiasmo ativo;
- O autor coloca o atraso em se começar a explorar a diplomacia como um fenômeno conceitual como a causa de se chega ao aximo irrefutável da representação. Perceba que essa ideia não está expressa no trecho original.
(CESPE / TPS / 2018 / INGLÊS)
Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E) according to text I.
The passage “the lure of quick fixes addressing multifaceted processes of change” (R. 29 and 30) could be replaced by the temptation of finding easy solutions for manifold processes of change and this would still keep the paragraph coherent.
Trecho: As in other epochs of fast technological change, the lure of quick fixes addressing multifaceted processes of change in diplomacy appears almost irresistible.
Item certo! ✅
É apenas uma questão de substituição vocabular. A palavra “lure” significa “to draw with a hint of pleasure or gain; attract actively and strongly”. A palavra “manifold” significa “marked by diversity or variety”.
(CESPE / TPS / 2018 / INGLÊS)
Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E) according to text I.
The passage “what has always happened to it:” (R.7) can be correctly replaced by what has always happened to it, which means that or by what has always happened to it, which is to say.
Trecho: And the obvious answer is: what has always happened to it: diplomacy is responding to changes in the international and domestic environments, in the main centres of authority, particularly states, and in the character of societies at home and abroad.
Item certo! ✅
Comentário Ubique: “Which means that” (o que significa que…) e “which is to say” (o que quer dizer que…) são expressões equivalentes, que cumprem a mesma função que os dois pontos na frase, que é de anunciar o início de uma explicação a respeito do período anterior.
(CESPE / TPS / 2018 / INGLÊS)
Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E) according to text I.
In the first paragraph, the words “ongoing” (R.2) and “advocates” (R.5) can be correctly and respectively replaced by “far-reaching” and “lawyers” without this changing the meaning of the passage.
Trecho: With this report, our aim is to present initial reflections on diplomacy in the digital age. In the ongoing debate amongst international relations scholars, information and communication technology (ICT) experts, digital strategists, social media advocates and others, the first question for us is: what is happening to diplomacy?
Item errado ❌
A palavra “ongoing” significa “being actually in process” (= ‘em andamento, em curso, que está ocorrendo). Por sua vez, “far-reaching” significa “having a wide range or effect” (= de longo alcance).
Já a palavra “advocates” siginifica “one who defends or maintains a cause or proposal” (= defensor); enquanto a palavra “lawyers” tem um significado mais específico “one whose profession is to conduct lawsuits for clients or to advise as to legal rights and obligations in other matters” (= advogado).
TPS / 2018 / CESPE
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text III, decide whether the following items are right (C) or wrong (E).
The expression “come to grief” (L.10) means to “end in failure”.
Trecho: On it will rest the courage, toughness in confrontation, patience and perseverance without which many more brilliant gifts can come to grief.
Item certo! ✅
Comentário Ubique: Come to grief é uma expressão idiomática equivalente a fracassar, falhar, se dar mal, acabar mal. É perfeitamente substituível por end in failure.
TPS / 2018 / CEBRASPE
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text III, decide whether the following items are right (C) or wrong (E).
The passage “Contrary to popular (…) for the compliant” (L. 10 and 11) can be correctly rewritten as “In opposition to what most people believe, a yielding person is not suited to a career in diplomacy” without this changing the meaning of the text.
Trecho: Contrary to popular belief, diplomacy is not a career for the compliant.
Item certo! ✅
Comentário Ubique: O que poderia causar maior confusão seria a falta de conhecimento do significado de compliant, yielding, sinônimos que querem dizer condescendente, complacente, alguém que cede fácil; e da expressão suited for (talhado para, adequado para). A paráfrase apresentada corresponde, portanto, à mesma ideia original.
TPS / 2018 / CEBRASPE
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text VI, decide whether the following items are right (C) or wrong (E).
The phrase “obtain more” (L. 10 and 11) could be correctly replaced by “accrue”, without altering the meaning of the passage.
Trecho: Some focus on the challenges posed by external actors — whether the selective revisionism of China as a complex competitor-cum-partner or the more confrontational behavior of Russia, which appears to have calculated that it can obtain more short-term influence by destabilizing the system than by integrating into it.
Item certo! ✅
Comentário Ubique: To accrue significa acumular, agregar, aumentar gradualmente, tendo, portanto, sentido muito próximo ao de obtain more.
