Grammar 🇺🇸

Question 1

In line 68, the preposition “on” can correctly be replaced by “upon”.

Trecho: Just as today, when people finally woke up for good depended on what time they went to bed.

Answer 1

O item está certo! ✅

Teacher’s explanation: Both prepositions collocate with the verb “to depend” as well as with one of its synonyms, the verb “to hinge”.

Question 2

In lines 47-48, the fragment “and neither was it initiated by any kind of alarm” can correctly be rewritten as “and it was not initiated by any kind of alarm either”.

Answer 2

Certo ✅

The structure in the text is an inverted structure because “neither” is positioned before the subject; therefore, it is necessary to change the order between the subject and the verb. In the suggested structure, “either” is positioned after the subject, so it is not necessary to invert the order between the subject and the verb. Both structures have the same meaning, but the first one is more formal and tends to be more often used in written discourse.

Question 3

What’s the difference between I always do something and I’m always doing something?

Answer 3

I always do something = I do it every time; e.g.: I always go to work by car (not l’m always going)

I’m always doing something = I do it too often or more often than normal; eg.: I’ve lost my keys again. I’m always losing them.

Question 4

Rewrite this sentence using past participles:

1 When the poem is read aloud it is very effective.

Answer 4

When read aloud, the poem is very effective.

Question 5

Rewrite this sentence using past participles:

1 The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.

Answer 5

The vegetables sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.

Question 6

Rewrite this sentence using past participles:

1 If the picture is seen from this angle, it looks rather good.

Answer 6

If seen from this angle, the picture looks rather good.

Question 7

Rewrite this sentence using past participles:

1 The painting was lost for many years. It turned up at an auction.

Answer 7

Lost for many years, the painting turned up at an auction.

Question 8

We sometimes use the _______ ________ instead of the passive.

Answer 8

We sometimes use the past participle instead of the passive.

Ex.: Viewed from a distance, it resembled a cloud. (When it was viewed…)

Question 9

Rewrite this sentence using it being or there being, making any necessary changes:

There was no one in, so I left a message.

Answer 9

There being no one in, I left a message.

*it’s formal.

Question 10

Rewrite this sentence using it being or there being, making any necessary changes:

It was a holiday, so there were thousands of cars on the roads.

Answer 10

It being a holiday, there were thousands of cars on the roads.

*it’s formal.

Question 11

Rewrite this sentence using it being or there being, making any necessary changes:

He kept asking awkward questions and there was no reason for it. (without there…)

Answer 11

He kept asking awkward questions without there being a(ny) reason for it.

*it’s formal.

Question 12

Rewrite this sentence using it being or there being, making any necessary changes:

He kept helping himself to money and it wasn’t noticed. (without it…)

Answer 12

He kept helping himself to money without it being noticed.

*it’s formal.

Question 13

Rewrite this sentence using being or having been:

They had been up all night, so they were in no mood for jokes.

Answer 13

Having been up all night, they were in no mood for jokes.

*it’s formal.

Question 14

Rewrite this sentence using being or having been:

He has been promised a reward, so he hopes he’ll get one.

Answer 14

Having been promised a reward, he hopes he’ll get one.

*it’s formal.

Question 15

Rewrite this sentence using being or having been:

John is a scientist, so he hasn’t read a lot of novels.

Answer 15

Being a scientist, John hasn’t read a lot of novels.

*It’s formal.

Question 16

Rewrite this sentence using a joining word + -ing:

Don’t get into any arguments before you check your facts.

Answer 16

Don’t get into any arguments before checking your facts.

Question 17

Rewrite this sentence using a joining word + -ing:

They broke this window when they tried to get into the house.

Answer 17

They broke this window when trying to get into the house.

Question 18

Rewrite this sentence using -ing, making any necessary changes.

I am not a lawyer, so I can’t give you the advice you are looking for.

Answer 18

Not being a lawyer, I can’t give you the advice you are looking for.

Question 19

Rewrite this sentence using -ing, making any necessary changes.

You didn’t ask me for permission because you knew I would refuse.

Answer 19

You didn’t ask me for permission, knowing I would refuse.

Question 20

Rewrite this sentence using -ing, making any necessary changes.

I didn’t hear what he said and asked him to repeat it.

Answer 20

Not hearing what he said, I asked him to repeat it.

Question 21

We can use the _______ ________ in place of and, so, etc. to join two simple sentences.

Answer 21

We can use the present participle in place of and, so, etc. to join two simple sentences.

Present particle = -ing form

Question 22

Join or rewrite this sentence using the conjunctions in brackets.

1. This computer holds less information than that one. (not … as much … as)

Answer 22

This computer does not hold as much information as that one (does).

Question 23

Join or rewrite this sentence using the conjunctions in brackets.

1. John is less intelligent than Susan. (not so… as)

Answer 23

John is not so intelligent as Susan (is).

Question 24

Join or rewrite this sentence using the conjunctions in brackets.

1. Joe works hard. Susan works hard. (as … as)

Answer 24

Joe works as hard as Susan (does).

Question 25

Join this sentence with so… (that) or such … (that).

1. There was a delay. We missed our connecting flight.

Answer 25

There was such a delay (that) we missed our connecting flight.

Question 26

Join this sentence with so … (that) or such … (that).

1. I was working hard. I forgot what the time was.

Answer 26

I was working so hard (that) I forgot what the time was.

Question 27

We can describe results with: [2]

Answer 27

1. So + adjective (that) = We were so tired (that) we went to bed.
2. Such + noun (that) = He’s such a fool (that) he believes anything.

Question 28

Join this sentence with in case, making any necessary changes.

1) I’m going to take my passport with me. I might need it.

Answer 28

I’m going to take my passport with me in case I need it / should need it.

Question 29

Rewrite this sentence using in order that or so that making any necessary changes.

1) I spoke slowly and clearly because I wanted the audience to understand me.

Answer 29

I spoke slowly and clearly in order that / so that the audience might understand me.

Question 30

Rewrite this sentence using in order that or so that making any necessary changes.

1. Mr. Jones bought a second car for his wife to learn to drive.

Answer 30

Mr. Jones bought a second car in order that / so that his wife might learn to drive.

Question 31

Rewrite this sentence using in order that or so that making any necessary changes.

1. We stood up in order to get a better view of what was happening.

Answer 31

We stood up in order that/so that we might get a better view of what was happening.

Question 32

Rewrite this sentence using in order that or so that making any necessary changes.

1. I arrived at the cinema early so as not to miss the beginning of the film.

Answer 32

I arrived at the cinema early in order that / so that I might not miss the beginning of the film.

Question 33

Rewrite this sentence using in order that or so that making any necessary changes.

1. I took twenty driving license to pass my driving test first time.

Answer 33

I took twenty driving lessons in order that / so that I might pass my driving test first time.

Question 34

We can express purpose with… [3]

Answer 34

1) so that

2) in order that

3) in case *future

Note that it’s easier to use the to-infinitive instead of so that and in order that:
I spent a year in Germany in order that (so that) I might learn German.
I spent a year in Germany to learn German.

Question 35

Join these sentences using the conjunctions brackets. Make any necessary changes.

1. It doesn’t matter what he tells you. Don’t believe a word he says. (whatever)

Answer 35

Whatever he tells you, don’t believe a word he says.

Question 36

Join these sentences using the conjunctions brackets. Make any necessary changes.

1. How much will they pay us? It will never compensate us. (no matter how much)

Answer 36

No matter how much they pay us, it will never compensate us.

Question 37

Join these sentences using the conjunctions in the brackets. Make any necessary changes.

1. It’s expensive. He’s determined to buy it. (however expensive)

Answer 37

However expensive it is, he’s determined to buy it.

Question 38

Join these sentences using the conjunctions in brackets to introduce a contrast. More than one order is possible.

1. I’d like to help you. I’m afraid I won’t be able to. (much as)

Answer 38

Much as I’d like to help you, I’m afraid I won’t be able to.

Question 39

Join these sentences using the conjunctions in brackets to introduce a contrast. More than one order is possible.

1. I intend to go for a walk this morning. It’s raining. (even if)

Answer 39

I intend to go for a walk this morning, even if it’s raining.

Question 40

We can introduce contrast with conjunctions like… [12]

Answer 40

1. Although
2. Considering (that)
3. Though
4. Even though
5. Even if
6. Much as
7. While
8. Whereas
9. But
10. Yet
11. However + adjective or adverb
12. No matter (no matter how much, no matter where, no matter how)

Question 41

We often give reasons by using ‘joining words’ or conjunctions like… [5]

Answer 41

1. Because
2. As
3. Seeing (that)
4. Since
5. For

Question 42

Inglês

To say how something happens or happened, we use these conjunctions: [5]

Answer 42

1. As
2. (In) the way (that)
3. (In) the same way
4. As if
5. As though

Question 43

Inglês

To say where something happens or happened, we use conjunctions like…[4]

Answer 43

1. Where
2. Wherever
3. Anywhere
4. Everywhere

Question 44

Join these pairs of sentences with the conjunctions in brackets, making necessary changes:

I’ll give him your message. He will phone. (As soon as)

Answer 44

I’ll give him your message as soon as he phones.

Question 45

Inglês

Join these pairs of sentences with the conjunctions in brackets, making necessary changes:

I won’t know if I have got into university. I will get my exam results. (Until)

Answer 45

I won’t know if I have got into university until I get my exam results.

Question 46

Which joining words or conjunctions do we use in adverbial clauses of time (future reference)? [9]

Answer 46

1. After
2. As soon as
3. Before
4. By the time
5. Directly
6. Immediately
7. The moment
8. Until/till
9. When

Question 47

Give examples of ‘joining words’ (or conjunctions) that express time (in the past): [10]

Answer 47

1. When
2. After
3. As
4. As soon as
5. Before
6. By the time (that)
7. Once
8. Since
9. Until/till
10. While

Question 48

We never use commas with ________in relative clauses.

Answer 48

We never use commas withthatin relative clauses.

Question 49

Say what these sentences mean a) without commas; b) with commas.

1. The test paper which everyone failed was far too difficult.
2. My brother who is in Canada is an architect.

Answer 49

1.
a) There were other test papers, which everyone didn’t fail.
b) There was a single test paper and everybody failed it.

2.
a) I have another brother or other brothers somewhere else.
b) I have only one brother.

Question 50

Do these sentences have the same meaning? If not, explain it.

1) My wife, who is in Paris, will be returning tomorrow.

2) My wife who is in Paris will be returning tomorrow.

Answer 50

1) I’m explaining that my wife is in Paris.

2) I’m specifying the wife! This could suggest that I have another wife who is (or other wives who are) somewhere else!

Question 51

Join these sentences usingthe correct relative pronoun:

1) He is the customer. I lost his address.

2) He’s the man. I sent the money to him.

3) That’s the magazine. It arrived this morning.

Answer 51

1) He’s the customer whose address I lost.

2) He’s the man to whom I sent the money. He’s the man who(m)/that I sent the money to. He’s the man I sent the money to.

3) That’s the magazine which/that arrived this morning.

Question 52

Join the sentence usingwhose:

You are the expert. We want your advice.

Answer 52

You are the expert whose advice we want.

Question 53

Join the sentence using whose:

She’s the woman. The film was made in her house.

Answer 53

She’s the woman whose house the film was made in.

She’s the woman in whose house the film was made.

Question 54

Relative pronoun we use to substitute possessives adjectives…

Answer 54

Whose

Examples:
She’s the woman whose car was stolen.
That’s the house whose windows were broken.

We can use with preposition too: He’s the man fromwhose house the pictures were stolen. He’s the man whose house the pictures were stolen from.

Question 55

Join each pair of sentences in three different ways as the example:

1 He’s the man. I sent the money to him.
a) He’s the man to whom I sent the money.
b) He’s the man who(m)/that I sent the money to.
c) He’s the man I sent the money to.

2 They’re the shops. I got these from them.

Answer 55

a) They’re the shops from which I got these.

b) They’re the shops which/that I got these from.

c) They’re the shops I got these from.

Question 56

Join each pair of sentences in three different ways as the example:

1 He’s the man. I sent the money to him.
a) He’s the man to whom I sent the money.
b) He’s the man who(m)/that I sent the money to.
c) He’s the man I sent the money to.

2 That’s the building. I passed by it.

Answer 56

a) That’s the building by which I passed.

b) That’s the building which/that I passed by.

c) That’s the building I passed by.

Question 57

Join each pair of sentences in three different ways as the example:

1 He’s the man. I sent the money to him.
a) He’s the man to whom I sent the money.
b) He’s the man who(m)/that I sent the money to.
c) He’s the man I sent the money to.

2 He’s the boy. I bought this toy for him.

Answer 57

a) He’s the boy for whom I bought this toy.

b) He’s the boy who/whom/that I bought this toy for.

c) He’s the boy I bought this toy for.

Question 58

Join each pair of sentences in three different ways as the example:

1 He’s the man. I sent the money to him.
a) He’s the man to whom I sent the money.
b) He’s the man who(m)/that I sent the money to.
c) He’s the man I sent the money to.

2 That’s the chair. I sat on it.

Answer 58

a) That’s the chair on which I sat.

b) That’s the chair which/that I sat on.

c) That’s the chair I sat on.

Question 59

Join each pair of sentences in three different ways as the example:

1 He’s the man. I sent the money to him.
a) He’s the man to whom I sent the money.
b) He’s the man who(m)/that I sent the money to.
c) He’s the man I sent the money to.

2 She’s the nurse. I gave the flowers to her.

Answer 59

a) She’s the nurse to whom I gave the flowers.

b) She’s the nurse who/whom/that I gave the flowers to.

c) She’s the nurse I gave the flowers to.

Question 60

Relative pronouns as the objects of prepositions… [2]

Answer 60

Whom, which.

Examples:
1. He is the person to whom I wrote. (Very formal)
2. This is the pan in which I boiled the milk. (Very formal)

Obs.: we cannot omit them.

Question 61

Relative pronouns as objects of a relative clause… [4]

Answer 61

Who, whom, which, that.

Examples:

1. She’s the nurse (who/whom/that) I saw at the hospital.
2. That’s the magazine (which/that) I got for you yesterday.

Obs.: we can omit them.

Question 62

Relative pronouns as subjects of a relative clause…[3]

Answer 62

Who, which, that.

Examples:
1. She is the nurse who/that looked after me.
2. That’s the magazine which/that arrived this morning.

Obs.: as a subject we cannot omit them.

Question 63

What are the relative pronouns in English? [5]

Answer 63

1. Who
2. Whom
3. Which
4. That
5. Whose

Question 64

Join these simple sentences to make compound sentences. Use the words in brackets.

1. I don’t know what happened to him. I don’t care. (I neither…nor)

Answer 64

I neither know nor care what happened to him.

Question 65

Complete these sentences giving the right order of the words in brackets:

1. Can you describe (me/this man)?

Answer 65

Can you describe this man to me?

Question 66

Complete these sentences giving the right order of the words in brackets:

1. Aren’t you going to introduce (me/your friend)?

Answer 66

Aren’t you going to introduce me to your friend?

Aren’t you going to introduce your friend to me?

Question 67

Which one iscorrect?

1. Explain the situation to me;
2. Explain me the situation.

Answer 67

Only Explain the situation to me.

*other verbs like explain are: confess, admit, announce, declare, demonstrate, describe, entrust, introduce, mention, propose, prove, repeat, report, say, suggest.

Question 68

You want people to do things for you. Write suitable polite requests usingit,thenorone:

a) Where are my shoes? (Find) Please…

b) I can’t reach that cup. (Pass) Please…

c) I can’t do the shopping. (Do) Please…

Answer 68

a) Please find them for me or Please find me them.

b) Please pass it to me or Please pass me it.

c) Please do it for me.

Question 69

You want people to do things for you. Write suitable polite requests using it, then or one:

a) John needs a new coat. (Buy) Please…

b) Ann wants to see our flat. (Show) Please…

c) I’d like a copy of that book. (Order) Please…

Answer 69

a) Please buy one for him or Please buy him one.

b) Please show it to her or Please show her it.

c) Please order one for me or Please order me one.

Question 70

Which one iscorrect?

1. Buy John them;
2. Buy them for John.

Answer 70

Only Buy them for John.

Question 71

Which one iscorrect?

1. Give John it;
2. Give it to John.

Answer 71

Only Give it to John.

Question 72

Which one iscorrect?

1. Do it for me;
2. Do me it.

Answer 72

Only Do it for me.

Question 73

Which one iscorrect?

1. Buy them for me;
2. Buy me them.

Answer 73

Both.

Question 74

Which one iscorrect?

1. Give it to me;
2. Give me it.

Answer 74

Both.

Question 75

Which one is correct?

1. Please order a meal for me;
2. Please order me a meal.

Answer 75

Both.

Question 76

Which one is correct?

1. Bring that book to me;
2. Bring me that book.

Answer 76

Both.

Question 77

Which one is correct?

1. Buy the book for me;
2. Buy me the book.

Answer 77

Both.

Question 78

Which one is correct?

1. Give the book to me;
2. Give me the book.

Answer 78

Both.

Question 79

Which one is correct?

1. ‘I’m tired’, she said.
2. ‘I’m tired,’ she said.

Answer 79

‘I’m tired,’ she said. If there are quotation marks (‘…’) or (“…”) around spoken words, we put other punctuation marks ‘inside’ them.

Question 80

Arrange these words in the right order: your article - I - quickly - last night - in bed - read

Answer 80

I read your article quickly in bed last night.

↪️ SVOMPT = subject + verb + object + manner (how?) + place (where?) + time (when?)

⚠️ But the time reference can also come at the beginning: Last night I read you article quickly in bed.

Question 81

Put the sentence in order: at home - We - yesterday - ate - our meal - in silence

Answer 81

We are our meal in silence at homeyesterday.

Note: the order of the adverbials is: how? - where? - when?
↪️ SVOMPT = subject + verb + object + manner (how?) + place (where?) + time (when?)

Question 82

Considering the grammar in the above text, determine if the following statements are true or false.

In paragraph 1, the expression “rose 5.7% year-on-year” could be rewritten as “climbed to 5.7% in outyear predictions” without changing the semantic or grammatical structure of the sentence.

Paragraph 1: For those job hunting, the going is good. Not only is employment plentiful, but wages are increasing. Private-sector pay in Minnesota’s main metropolitan cluster, which includes Northfield, rose 5.7% year-on-year in September in nominal terms, ranking third in the country. Firms have also become more attentive. Mr Kill says that the old manufacturing schedule of eight hours a day, five days a week is all but gone. Companies now let workers opt for four ten hour days. At the Post factory, bosses recently encouraged a worker on the cusp of retirement to stay for two days a week-an arrangement rarely seen in the past. “We got to retain a very highly skilled person doing a job that we need fulfilled,” says Henry Albers,
a manager. (…)

• Telegram Todd

Answer 82

Item errado! ❌

2 reasons why:
1) “rose 5.7%” means the amount of change, while “climbed to 5.7%” means the top level reached;

2) “year-on-year” means this year as compared to the same time in the previous year; “outyear” means the final months of one year together with the initial months of the subsequent year.