Collocations 🇺🇸 Flashcards
Preposition:
to shrink, fall, decrease, increase, grow, soar
BY
(a number, a percentage, a figure, a fraction)
Preposition:
to cope
WITH something
Ex.: She coped well with the problem.
Preposition:
to fall
meaning: be naturally divisible into
INTO
Ex.: These students fall into three categories.
Preposition:
to drift [2]
- (away) FROM = People drifted away from rural areas.
- (back) INTO = After the strike, people drifted back into work.
Preposition:
to move ________ one place ________ another place.
to move FROM one place TO another place.
Preposition:
look, stare, glimpse, peek, gaze, glare
AT
Preposition:
dedicate, attend, confess, refer, resort, subject, provide (something)
TO
Preposition:
(be) worried, (be) concerned, boast
ABOUT
Preposition:
protest, insure
AGAINST
depend, base, concentrate, elaborate, impose, insist, blame (something)
ON
suffer, benefit, derive, differ, distinguish, exempt
FROM
deal, acquaint, associate, coincide, confront, provide (someone)
WITH
suspect, accuse, approve, convict, disapprove, remind
OF
apologize, account, allow, blame (someone), care, pay
FOR
involve, (be) absorbed, implicate, result, specialize, succeed
IN
to rouse ________ something (a dream; sleep)
to rouse FROM something (a dream; sleep)
to bequeath something ________ someone
to bequeath something TO someone
bequeath = deixar de herança
to inherit something ________ someone
to inherit something FROM someone
inherit = herdar algo
to include something or someone _____ something
to include something or someone IN something
to present something _____ something
to present something AS something
to refer _____ something or someone
to refer TO something or someone
to comment _____ / _____ something
to comment ON / UPON something
to walk _______; to look _____; to read ______ – entirely; completely; attentively
to walk THROUGH; to look THROUGH; to read THROUGH – entirely; completely; attentively
to whisper something _____ someone
to whisper something TO someone
to explain something _____ someone
to explain something TO someone
to awake ______
to awake FROM
to hinge _____ / _____ something
to hinge ON / UPON something
Everything hinges on his decision
to depend _____ / _____ something or someone
to depend ON / UPON something or someone
- Children depend on their parents.
- His success here depends upon effort and ability.
to invest _____ something
to invest IN something
The company invested heavily in new technology.
to spend (money, wealth, resources, labor, time, etc) _____ something
to spend (money, wealth, resources, labor, time, etc) ON something
The company spent a lot on advertising
to link something _____ something
to link something TO something
- The bridge will link the island to the mainland.
to convince someone _____ something
to convince someone OF something
- They will convince the jury of his guilt.
to convince someone ______ + sentence
to convince someone THAT + sentence
- A test drive will convince you that this car handles well.
to convince someone _____ do something
to convince someone TO do something
- We convinced them to have dinner with us.
to keep pace ______ = keep up _____
to keep pace WITH = keep up WITH
- The teacher told his mother that Jimmy was not keeping pace with / keeping up with the class.
to encourage ______ something / to encourage _____ something
to encourage IN something / to encourage INTO something
- Her head of department encouraged her in/into her research work.
to contribute something _____ someone / something
to contribute something TO someone / something
- Students are encouraged to contribute articles to the university magazine.
- They contributed a lot of money to the party.
to distribute ______ different people / to distribute ______ different people / to distribute _____ / _____ different categories
to distribute TO different people / to distribute AMONG different people / to distribute IN / INTO different categories
to redistribute something _______ one place ______ another place
to redistribute something FROM one place TO another place
Prep. collocation:
differentiate ___________ [2]
- Differentiate from (more than 2 things)
- Differentiate between (2 things)
Complete with the corrrect preposition:
In the end Rosenhan emerges _____ an unpalatable symptom of a wider academic malaise.
In the end Rosenhan emerges as an unpalatable symptom of a wider academic malaise.
Complete with the correct preposition: features which clearly differentiate this product _________ other similar ones.
features which clearly differentiate this product from other similar ones.
Complete with the correct preposition:
The readiness with which the group’s sham symptoms were taken for the real thing seemed to show that even highly trained professionals could not accurately differentiate ____________ the sick and the well.
The readiness with which the group’s sham symptoms were taken for the real thing seemed to show that even highly trained professionals could not accurately differentiate between the sick and the well.
Complete with the correct preposition:
Looking more closely ____ the man and his work seemed a way to sharpen her sense of the flaws in the profession’s diagnostic systems.
Looking more closely at the man and his work seemed a way to sharpen her sense of the flaws in the profession’s diagnostic systems.
Complete the blank spaces with the correct preposition:
What do you get if you mix rags, hemp and old fishnets with the bark of a mulberry tree? Mercifully, this isn’t a recipe ____ a particularly revolting folk remedy. In fact, it’s the ingredients ____ paper — as it was made ____ ancient China, that is. At the time of its invention, life was hard if you had something you needed to remember. So when a government official finally invented paper ____ AD105, it was a big deal. The new invention was a hit with the emperor — though initially it was only used ____ wrapping precious objects. But soon enough, paper began to change the world. Within 650 years, printing had arrived. The first books, playing cards and toilet paper soon followed. In the Middle East, the introduction ____ paper coincided ____ the Golden Age of Islam, allowing scholars to record their breakthroughs ____ the budding fields ____ astronomy, medicine, engineering, literature and mathematics. It took more than a thousand years to arrive in Europe, where people had to make do ____ writing on the skins of calves, goats and sheep. When large-scale paper milling finally reached Europe, it made mass literacy possible ____ the region for the first time.
big deal = strong collocation
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
What do you get if you mix rags, hemp and old fishnets with the bark of a mulberry tree? Mercifully, this isn’t a recipe for a particularly revolting folk remedy. In fact, it’s the ingredients for paper — as it was made in ancient China, that is. At the time of its invention, life was hard if you had something you needed to remember. So when a government official finally invented paper in AD105, it was a big deal. The new invention was a hit with the emperor — though initially it was only used for wrapping precious objects. But soon enough, paper began to change the world. Within 650 years, printing had arrived. The first books, playing cards and toilet paper soon followed. In the Middle East, the introduction of paper coincided with the Golden Age of Islam, allowing scholars to record their breakthroughs in the budding fields of astronomy, medicine, engineering, literature and mathematics. It took more than a thousand years to arrive in Europe, where people had to make do with writing on the skins of calves, goats and sheep. When large-scale paper milling finally reached Europe, it made mass literacy possible in the region for the first time.
Complete the blank spaces with the correct preposition:
Today, ____ an age of computers, smartphones and e-books, you could be forgiven ____ predicting the demise of this ancient wonder material. But though there has been a small decline ____ the demand ____ so-called “graphic paper”, like newspapers and books, the paper industry is booming. The world currently uses around 400 million tonnes of paper per year and it’s hard to imagine modern life without it. We might be edging towards a cashless society, but the paperless society, as the American librarian Jesse Shera famously put it, about as plausible as the paperless bathroom”. In fact, demand ____ paper is growing all over the world, and as we turn our backs ____ single-use plastic, paper is one of the main contenders to take its place. The last few years has seen numerous retailers announce that they are switching ____ paper bags, while paper-based chocolate wrappers, ready-meal trays and water bottles have also started to emerge. In Canada, the government recently approved a ban ____ certain plastic items, while the EU has pledged to eradicate some of the most notorious by 2021. Some Indian states have gone further, ditching single-use plastic altogether.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
Today, in an age of computers, smartphones and e-books, you could be forgiven for predicting the demise of this ancient wonder material. But though there has been a small decline in the demand for so-called “graphic paper”, like newspapers and books, the paper industry is booming. The world currently uses around 400 million tonnes of paper per year and it’s hard to imagine modern life without it. We might be edging towards a cashless society, but the paperless society, as the American librarian Jesse Shera famously put it, about as plausible as the paperless bathroom”. In fact, demand for paper is growing all over the world, and as we turn our backs on single-use plastic, paper is one of the main contenders to take its place. The last few years has seen numerous retailers announce that they are switching to paper bags, while paper-based chocolate wrappers, ready-meal trays and water bottles have also started to emerge. In Canada, the government recently approved a ban on certain plastic items, while the EU has pledged to eradicate some of the most notorious by 2021. Some Indian states have gone further, ditching single-use plastic altogether.
Fill in the blank spaces with the correct preposition:
But how sustainable is paper really? And what can be done to reduce its environmental impact? The process of making paper starts with the raw wood. Whichever type it comes ____, wood is made ____ ____ cellulose fibres bound together with a natural glue called lignin. […] These are potent alkalis, capable ____ dissolving the lignin in wood. Later, chlorine dioxide is added, to bleach the pulp and achieve a white colour. Almost every phase of paper manufacturing involves water. Scaled up to the magnitude of the industry today, a vast amount is required. To make just a single A4 sheet, you need between two and 13 litres.
vast amount = strong collocation
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
But how sustainable is paper really? And what can be done to reduce its environmental impact? The process of making paper starts with the raw wood. Whichever type it comes from, wood is made up of cellulose fibres bound together with a natural glue called lignin. […] These are potent alkalis, capable of dissolving the lignin in wood. Later, chlorine dioxide is added, to bleach the pulp and achieve a white colour. Almost every phase of paper manufacturing involves water. Scaled up to the magnitude of the industry today, a vast amount is required. To make just a single A4 sheet, you need between two and 13 litres.
Correct preposition:
use ____ before continents, countries, regions, states, cities, neighborhoods, and parts of the house
use ____ before streets, avenues, boulevards, roads, etc
use ____ before addresses (that is, number + street)
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
use IN before continents, countries, regions, states, cities, neighborhoods, and parts of the house
use ON before streets, avenues, boulevards, roads, etc
use AT before addresses (that is, number + street)
Correct preposition:
use ____ before centuries, decades, years, months, periods of time, and periods of the day (except for “night”)
use ____ before days, holidays, and dates
use ____ before times and “night”
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
use IN before centuries, decades, years, months, periods of time, and periods of the day (except for “night”)
use ON before days, holidays, and dates
use AT before times and “night”
Correct preposition:
if it is a noun that indicates going up or going down, use ____: a decline, a decrease, a reduction, an increase, growth, a spike, a hike ____
if it is a verb that indicates going up or going down, use ____: to decline, to decrease, to reduce, to increase, to grow, to spike, to hike ____
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
if it is a noun that indicates going up or going down, use IN: a decline, a decrease, a reduction, an increase, growth, a spike, a hike IN
if it is a verb that indicates going up or going down, use BY: to decline, to decrease, to reduce, to increase, to grow, to spike, to hike BY
But though there has been a small decline in the demand for so-called “graphic paper” (…)
Correct preposition with « ban »:
the noun collocates with ____: a ban + ____ something
the verb collocates with ____: to ban someone ____ a place; to ban someone ____ doing something
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
the noun collocates with on: a ban ON something
the verb collocates with from: to ban someone FROM a place; to ban someone FROM doing something
In Canada, the government recently approved a ban on certain plastic items (…)
Correct collocation:
use be capable ____ ____ something and be able ____ ____ something
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
use be capable of DOING something and be able to DO something
These are potent alkalis, capable of dissolving the lignin in wood.
Fill in the blank spaces with the correct preposition:
After the pulping and bleaching is over, paper mills end up ____ water containing a cocktail of organic compounds, alkalis and bleach, which must be treated so that it can be disposed ____ safely. This can be a huge technical challenge, (…), where it’s acutely toxic ____ fish and other wildlife – even ____ concentrations ____ just 2%. Another sustainability challenge facing the paper industry is the sheer amount of energy required, which means paper contributes 2% of the world’s total carbon footprint. (…) ____ some places, the industry is thought to contribute ____ net deforestation (…) And while much paper is sourced from sustainably managed forests, some is made ____ trees in ecologically important forests, contributing ____ loss of biodiversity.
sheer amount = strong collocation
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
After the pulping and bleaching is over, paper mills end up with water containing a cocktail of organic compounds, alkalis and bleach, which must be treated so that it can be disposed of safely. This can be a huge technical challenge, (…), where it’s acutely toxic to fish and other wildlife – even at concentrations of just 2%. Another sustainability challenge facing the paper industry is the sheer amount of energy required, which means paper contributes (no preposition) 2% of the world’s total carbon footprint. (…) In some places, the industry is thought to contribute to net deforestation (…) And while much paper is sourced from sustainably managed forests, some is made from trees in ecologically important forests, contributing to loss of biodiversity.
sheer amount = strong collocation
Fill in the blank spaces with the correct preposition:
Due to the environmental concerns ____ paper, the industry is taking steps to improve. Take water, for instance. Responsible companies ____ the US and Europe are among those changing the game. (…) In Europe, the industry has switched ____ using toxic chlorine dioxide ____ ozone, which has a much lower environmental impact. The paper industry is making progress ____ terms ____ energy, too. Though the world made 25% more paper and paperboard ____ 2017 than it did ____ 2000, the amount of energy used went up ____ just 5%. This is partly due to new technologies, but also because of the increase ____ recycling. In Europe, paper mills now produce almost half the energy they consume, (…) Though we’re often told to save paper to save trees, there’s enormous variability ____ how sustainable the wood supply is. In countries where forests are not sustainably managed, important habitats can be destroyed. But ____ responsibly managed areas, sometimes using more paper can, bizarrely, lead ____ more trees.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
Due to the environmental concerns about paper, the industry is taking steps to improve. Take water, for instance. Responsible companies in the US and Europe are among those changing the game. (…) In Europe, the industry has switched from using toxic chlorine dioxide to ozone, which has a much lower environmental impact. The paper industry is making progress in terms of energy, too. Though the world made 25% more paper and paperboard in 2017 than it did in 2000, the amount of energy used went up by just 5%. This is partly due to new technologies, but also because of the increase in recycling. In Europe, paper mills now produce almost half the energy they consume, (…) Though we’re often told to save paper to save trees, there’s enormous variability in how sustainable the wood supply is. In countries where forests are not sustainably managed, important habitats can be destroyed. But in responsibly managed areas, sometimes using more paper can, bizarrely, lead to more trees.
Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition:
Perhaps the biggest game-changer ____ the paper world has been recycling. (…) The popularity of recycled products has been steadily increasing ____ the last few decades. ____ Europe, EU countries have the highest recycling rates ____ the world. Incredibly, 72% of paper was recycled ____ 2017 and European countries recycle around two tonnes of paper per second. However, the public’s enthusiasm ____ recycling recently hit a snag. Until January 2018, millions of tonnes of rubbish collected ____ the US, Europe and Australia was sent abroad to be recycled (____ theory, although there were concerns that much of it was simply being landfilled instead). China was a popular destination ____ used paper — until they introduced a ban ____ waste imports. It’s now been more than a year since the policy, called the “National Sword”, was imposed, and it’s still not clear how the world is going to deal ____ the mountains of recycling that are stacking up.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
Perhaps the biggest game-changer in the paper world has been recycling. (…) The popularity of recycled products has been steadily increasing for the last few decades. In Europe, EU countries have the highest recycling rates in the world. Incredibly, 72% of paper was recycled in 2017 and European countries recycle around two tonnes of paper per second. However, the public’s enthusiasm for recycling recently hit a snag. Until January 2018, millions of tonnes of rubbish collected in the US, Europe and Australia was sent abroad to be recycled (in theory, although there were concerns that much of it was simply being landfilled instead). China was a popular destination for used paper – until they introduced a ban on waste imports. It’s now been more than a year since the policy, called the “National Sword”, was imposed, and it’s still not clear how the world is going to deal with the mountains of recycling that are stacking up.
Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition:
Another big challenge ____ the world of recycling is how to deal ____ soiled paper. As avid recyclers will know, even the tiniest amount of grease on a single item, like a pizza box, can lead ____ the whole recycling bin being rejected. However, there are some innovations ____ the horizon which might be able to help. With this in mind, Vegware, which specialises ____ eco-friendly packaging, has designed a range of food containers that can be composted instead. Their packaging is made primarily ____ sustainably sourced paper, (…)
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
Another big challenge in the world of recycling is how to deal with soiled paper. As avid recyclers will know, even the tiniest amount of grease on a single item, like a pizza box, can lead to the whole recycling bin being rejected. However, there are some innovations on the horizon which might be able to help. With this in mind, Vegware, which specialises in eco-friendly packaging, has designed a range of food containers that can be composted instead. Their packaging is made primarily from sustainably sourced paper, (…)
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
Far from disappearing, it seems that paper is entering a new golden age, as the world seeks alternatives ____ plastic. And though it still has a long way to go, the process of making it — and what happens when we’re done ____ it — is becoming greener by the day. Meanwhile, scientists are working ____ turning paper pulp ____ a pioneering new sustainable material with many of the same properties ____ the environmental villain that it may one day replace. (…)
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
Far from disappearing, it seems that paper is entering a new golden age, as the world seeks alternatives to plastic. And though it still has a long way to go, the process of making it - and what happens when we’re done with it – is becoming greener by the day. Meanwhile, scientists are working on turning paper pulp into a pioneering new sustainable material with many of the same properties as the environmental villain that it may one day replace. (…)
Complete with the suitable collocation:
use enthusiasm (noun) ____ but enthusiastic (adj) ____.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
use enthusiasm (noun) FOR but enthusiastic (adj) ABOUT.
E.g.: The public’s enthusiasm for recycling recently hit a snag.
Complete with the suitable collocation:
use noun + turn + ____ + noun: His tears turned ____ laughter.
BUT
use turn + adj + (____ ____): Worry turned ____ his hair gray.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
use noun + turn + INTO + noun: His tears turned into laughter.
BUT
use turn + adj + (no preposition): Worry turned his hair gray.
gray is the adjective in the second sentence.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
Eventually the technique spread ____ Europe and the Americas, where it generally involved rubbing infectious material ____ a puncture in the skin.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
Eventually the technique spread to Europe and the Americas, where it generally involved rubbing infectious material into a puncture in the skin.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
For example, during the American Revolutionary War, in 1777, general George Washington required all troops ____ be inoculated against smallpox.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
For example, during the American Revolutionary War, in 1777, general George Washington required all troops to be inoculated against smallpox.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
Another milestone occurred in 1853, when the Compulsory Vaccination Act required infants in England and Wales to be vaccinated ____ smallpox.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
Another milestone occurred in 1853, when the Compulsory Vaccination Act required infants in England and Wales to be vaccinated against smallpox.
Inglês
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
This pattern has been seen, for example, with new requirements ____ vaccination against hepatitis B, anthrax and now Covid-19. Vaccination is now required in some cases ____ school attendance (for example, against hepatitis B in Slovenia), ____ organ transplants (some parts of the UK require them ____ kidney transplants) — and in one extreme case in Italy, ____ retain custody of children.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
This pattern has been seen, for example, with new requirements for vaccination against hepatitis B, anthrax and now Covid-19. Vaccination is now required in some cases for school attendance (for example, against hepatitis B in Slovenia), for organ transplants (some parts of the UK require them for kidney transplants) — and in one extreme case in Italy, to retain custody of children.
require for sth
but
require to do sth
Inglês
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
The more authoritarian the government, the more likely it is ____ have vaccination mandates.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
The more authoritarian the government, the more likely it is to have vaccination mandates.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
This may not be surprising, because it’s easier ____ this style of government ____ impose new rules, including those ____ the public interest (in the case of vaccines).
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
This may not be surprising, because it’s easier for this style of government to impose new rules, including those in the public interest (in the case of vaccines).
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
However, mandatory vaccination is also common in democratic countries ____ emergency situations, such as during pandemics – the US state of New York imposed mandatory flu vaccines ____ healthcare workers temporarily during the swine flu pandemic in 2009.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
However, mandatory vaccination is also common in democratic countries in emergency situations, such as during pandemics – the US state of New York imposed mandatory flu vaccines on healthcare workers temporarily during the swine flu pandemic in 2009.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
These vaccine objectors had various reasons, according to Sylvia Valentine, who’s currently writing her PhD thesis ____ the subject.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
These vaccine objectors had various reasons, according to Sylvia Valentine, who’s currently writing her PhD thesis on the subject.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
Some of the non-conformist denominations believed the human body should not be contaminated ____ animal material.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
Some of the non-conformist denominations believed the human body should not be contaminated with animal material.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
The anti-vivisection movement was also involved ____ anti-vaxxers and many objectors were ‘anti’ lots of other things too, including state interference ____ their lives.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
The anti-vivisection movement was also involved with anti-vaxxers and many objectors were ‘anti’ lots of other things too, including state interference in their lives.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
The anti-vivisectionists would have objected ____ the methods used to produce the calf lymph and were concerned ____ animal welfare.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
The anti-vivisectionists would have objected to the methods used to produce the calf lymph and were concerned about animal welfare.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
While there will be disagreement ____ sects and individuals, particularly where religion is highly decentralised – as among US evangelical Christians – there are no established religions that prohibit vaccination.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
While there will be disagreement between sects and individuals, particularly where religion is highly decentralised – as among US evangelical Christians – there are no established religions that prohibit vaccination.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
In fact, throughout history, religious officials have played important roles ____ encouraging and implementing vaccination.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
In fact, throughout history, religious officials have played important roles in encouraging and implementing vaccination.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
Along with spiritual objectors, a long thread of labour activism has been linked ____ vaccine opposition.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
Along with spiritual objectors, a long thread of labour activism has been linked to vaccine opposition.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
From 1898, England allowed conscientious objections ____ mandatory vaccinations.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
From 1898, England allowed conscientious objections to mandatory vaccinations.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
However, it wasn’t until 1907 that these exemptions became relatively easy ____ get – eventually extending ____ one-quarter of all births.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
However, it wasn’t until 1907 that these exemptions became relatively easy to get – eventually extending to one-quarter of all births.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
There continue to be parallels ____ contemporary and historical vaccine protest.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
There continue to be parallels between contemporary and historical vaccine protest.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
Compulsory smallpox vaccination ended in the UK in 1947, amidst a broader trend ____ optional vaccination (for example against diphtheria) with a focus ____ education and persuasion.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
Compulsory smallpox vaccination ended in the UK in 1947, amidst a broader trend toward optional vaccination (for example against diphtheria) with a focus on education and persuasion.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
For example, one study found that patients were substantially less likely to die in hospitals where healthcare workers had higher rates of flu vaccination compared ____ those with low rates, though patients were equally as likely to be infected ____ the virus.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
For example, one study found that patients were substantially less likely to die in hospitals where healthcare workers had higher rates of flu vaccination compared to those with low rates, though patients were equally as likely to be infected with the virus.
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
Some health experts are nervous ____ mandatory vaccination because these policies may diminish trust ____ medical authorities over the long term.
long term = strong collocation
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
Some health experts are nervous about mandatory vaccination because these policies may diminish trust in medical authorities over the long term.
long term = strong collocation
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
Vaccine mandates have led to violent riots in Brazil and may have contributed ____ vociferous anti-vaccine movements all over Europe, for instance.
violent riots = strong collocation
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
Vaccine mandates have led to violent riots in Brazil and may have contributed to vociferous anti-vaccine movements all over Europe, for instance.
violent riots = strong collocation
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
In France, one of the world’s hotspots of vaccine hesitancy, the Ministry of Health has attempted ____ reduce the polarising effects ____ vaccine mandates by embedding mandates ____ a broader effort ____ build trust.
build trust = strong collocation
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
In France, one of the world’s hotspots of vaccine hesitancy, the Ministry of Health has attempted to reduce the polarising effects of vaccine mandates by embedding mandates within a broader effort to build trust.
build trust = strong collocation
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
This has led to improved vaccine coverage, although a significant minority are still vaccine-hesitant - suggesting the importance of continuing to monitor attitudes and strengthening relationships ____ the medical establishment and the public.
significant minority = strong collocation
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
This has led to improved vaccine coverage, although a significant minority are still vaccine-hesitant - suggesting the importance of continuing to monitor attitudes and strengthening relationships between the medical establishment and the public.
significant minority = strong collocation
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation:
However, not everyone agrees ____ what counts ____ a “mandate” – there’s an argument that many so-called mandated vaccinations are not technically mandates because people can usually opt out ____ certain circumstances, such as ____ religious grounds.
folha 3 do curso de aprofundamento
However, not everyone agrees on what counts as a “mandate” – there’s an argument that many so-called mandated vaccinations are not technically mandates because people can usually opt out in certain circumstances, such as on religious grounds.
Complete with the correct collocation:
When America took a protectionist turn two years ago, it provoked dark warnings ____ the miseries of the 1930s. Today those ominous predictions look misplaced. Yes, China is slowing. And, yes, Western firms exposed ____ China, such as Apple, have been clobbered. But in 2018 global growth was decent, unemployment fell and profits rose. In November President Donald Trump signed a trade pact ____ Mexico and Canada. If talks over the next month lead to a deal ____ Xi Jinping, relieved markets will conclude that the trade war is about political theatre and squeezing a few concessions from China, not detonating global commerce.
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
When America took a protectionist turn two years ago, it provoked dark warnings about the miseries of the 1930s. Today those ominous predictions look misplaced. Yes, China is slowing. And, yes, Western firms exposed to China, such as Apple, have been clobbered. But in 2018 global growth was decent, unemployment fell and profits rose. In November President Donald Trump signed a trade pact with Mexico and Canada. If talks over the next month lead to a deal with Xi Jinping, relieved markets will conclude that the trade war is about political theatre and squeezing a few concessions from China, not detonating global commerce.
Complete with the correct collocation:
Such complacency is mistaken. Today’s trade tensions are compounding a shift that has been under way since the financial crisis in 2008-09. Cross-border investment, trade, bank loans and supply chains have all been shrinking or stagnating relative ____ world GDP. Globalisation has given way ____ a new era of sluggishness. Adapting a term coined by a Dutch writer, we call it “slowbalisation”.
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
Such complacency is mistaken. Today’s trade tensions are compounding a shift that has been under way since the financial crisis in 2008-09. Cross-border investment, trade, bank loans and supply chains have all been shrinking or stagnating relative to world GDP. Globalisation has given way to a new era of sluggishness. Adapting a term coined by a Dutch writer, we call it “slowbalisation”.
Place the correct collocation:
Globalisation has slowed from light speed to a snail’s pace ____ the past decade ____ several reasons.
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
Globalisation has slowed from light speed to a snail’s pace in the past decade for several reasons.
Place the correct collocation:
This is the fragile backdrop ____ Mr Trump’s trade war. Tariffs tend to get the most attention. If America ratchets up duties ____ China in March, as it has threatened, the average tariff rate on all American imports will rise to 3.4%, its highest for 40 years. (Most firms plan to pass the cost ____ ____ customers.) Less glaring, but just as pernicious, is that rules of commerce are being rewritten around the world. The principle that investors and firms should be treated equally regardless ____ their nationality is being ditched.
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
This is the fragile backdrop to Mr Trump’s trade war. Tariffs tend to get the most attention. If America ratchets up duties on China in March, as it has threatened, the average tariff rate on all American imports will rise to 3.4%, its highest for 40 years. (Most firms plan to pass the cost on to customers.) Less glaring, but just as pernicious, is that rules of commerce are being rewritten around the world. The principle that investors and firms should be treated equally regardless of their nationality is being ditched.
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Evidence ____ this is everywhere. Geopolitical rivalry is gripping the tech industry, which accounts ____ about 20% of world stockmarkets. Rules ____ privacy, data and espionage are splintering. Tax systems are being bent ____ patriotic ends — in America to prod firms to repatriate capital, in Europe to target Silicon Valley. America and the EU have new regimes ____ vetting foreign investment, while China, despite its bluster, has no intention of giving foreign firms a level playing-field.
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
Evidence for this is everywhere. Geopolitical rivalry is gripping the tech industry, which accounts for about 20% of world stockmarkets. Rules on privacy, data and espionage are splintering. Tax systems are being bent to patriotic ends — in America to prod firms to repatriate capital, in Europe to target Silicon Valley. America and the EU have new regimes for vetting foreign investment, while China, despite its bluster, has no intention of giving foreign firms a level playing-field.
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Trade is suffering as firms use up the inventories they had stocked ____ anticipation ____ higher tariffs. Expect more of this in 2019. But what really matters is firms’ long-term investment plans, as they begin to lower their exposure ____ countries and industries that carry high geopolitical risk or face unstable rules. There are now signs that an adjustment is beginning. Chinese investment into Europe and America fell by 73% in 2018. The global value of cross-border investment by multinational companies sank ____ about 20% in 2018.
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
Trade is suffering as firms use up the inventories they had stocked in anticipation of higher tariffs. Expect more of this in 2019. But what really matters is firms’ long-term investment plans, as they begin to lower their exposure to countries and industries that carry high geopolitical risk or face unstable rules. There are now signs that an adjustment is beginning. Chinese investment into Europe and America fell by 73% in 2018. The global value of cross-border investment by multinational companies sank by about 20% in 2018.
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The new world will work differently. Slowbalisation will lead ____ deeper links within regional blocs. Supply chains in North America, Europe and Asia are sourcing more from closer to home. In Asia and Europe most trade is already intra-regional, and the share has risen since 2011. Asian firms made more foreign sales within Asia than in America in 2017. As global rules decay, a fluid patchwork of regional deals and spheres of influence is asserting control ____ trade and investment. The European Union is stamping its authority on banking, tech and foreign investment, for example. China hopes to agree ___ a regional trade deal this year, even as its tech firms expand across Asia. Companies have $30trn of cross-border investment in the ground, some of which may need to be shifted, sold or shut.
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The new world will work differently. Slowbalisation will lead to deeper links within regional blocs. Supply chains in North America, Europe and Asia are sourcing more from closer to home. In Asia and Europe most trade is already intra-regional, and the share has risen since 2011. Asian firms made more foreign sales within Asia than in America in 2017. As global rules decay, a fluid patchwork of regional deals and spheres of influence is asserting control over trade and investment. The European Union is stamping its authority on banking, tech and foreign investment, for example. China hopes to agree on a regional trade deal this year, even as its tech firms expand across Asia. Companies have $30trn of cross-border investment in the ground, some of which may need to be shifted, sold or shut.
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Western consumers will continue to reap large net benefits from trade. In some cases, deeper integration will take place ____ a regional level than could have happened at a global one.
reap benefits = strong collocation
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
Western consumers will continue to reap large net benefits from trade. In some cases, deeper integration will take place at a regional level than could have happened at a global one.
Place the correct collocation:
And there is a tension ____ a more regional trading pattern and a global financial system in which Wall Street and the Federal Reserve set the pulse for markets everywhere.
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And there is a tension between a more regional trading pattern and a global financial system in which Wall Street and the Federal Reserve set the pulse for markets everywhere.
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The integrated world’s neglected problems have now grown ____ the eyes ____ the public ____ the point where the benefits of the global order are easily forgotten. Yet the solution ____ offer is not really a fix at all. Slowbalisation will be meaner and less stable than its predecessor. ____ the end it will only feed the discontent.
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
The integrated world’s neglected problems have now grown in the eyes of the public to the point where the benefits of the global order are easily forgotten. Yet the solution on offer is not really a fix at all. Slowbalisation will be meaner and less stable than its predecessor. In the end it will only feed the discontent.
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Newspapers have accused the BBC of siding ____ foreigners. In Parliament, a Conservative MP collars the chairman of the publicly owned broadcaster to declare: “You, sir, are a traitor!” (“Stuff you!” he retorts.) The talk in Downing Street is of cutting ____ the corporation’s funding.
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Newspapers have accused the BBC of siding with foreigners. In Parliament, a Conservative MP collars the chairman of the publicly owned broadcaster to declare: “You, sir, are a traitor!” (“Stuff you!” he retorts.) The talk in Downing Street is of cutting off the corporation’s funding.
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When, ____ that occasion, the BBC eventually toed the government line, Stanley Baldwin, the prime minister, sent round engraved cigarette cases by way of thanks.
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
When, on that occasion, the BBC eventually toed the government line, Stanley Baldwin, the prime minister, sent round engraved cigarette cases by way of thanks.
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His account of the corporation also makes ____ an incisive history of Britain’s 20th century.
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His account of the corporation also makes for an incisive history of Britain’s 20th century.
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The BBC was forged ____ the aftermath ____ the first world war, which marked its founders — literally ____ the case ____ John Reith, the first director-general, who had taken a sniper’s bullet in the cheek in France. But the second world war would change the BBC even more. By 1944 it broadcast in 46 languages, and ____ the end ____ hostilities counted 20m listeners in Europe. It co-operated ____ the Ministry of Defense to smuggle coded messages ____ news reports or pieces of music.
aftermath = immediate
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
The BBC was forged in the aftermath of the first world war, which marked its founders — literally in the case of John Reith, the first director-general, who had taken a sniper’s bullet in the cheek in France. But the second world war would change the BBC even more. By 1944 it broadcast in 46 languages, and by the end of hostilities counted 20m listeners in Europe. It co-operated with the Ministry of Defense to smuggle coded messages into news reports or pieces of music.
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“The Kitchen Front” gave advice ____ making cheese from sour milk and cooking bracken fronds. It was also forced to become more fun.
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
“The Kitchen Front” gave advice on making cheese from sour milk and cooking bracken fronds. It was also forced to become more fun.
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The BBC retaliated with the Forces Programme, which combined news ____ lashings ____ variety and music, and less God than ____ the past.
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The BBC retaliated with the Forces Programme, which combined news with lashings of variety and music, and less God than in the past.
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The loosening of social attitudes in wartime was nothing compared ____ what was to come. One cultural battlefield was race. The stationing of 130,000 African-American GIs in Britain had obliged the BBC ____ make its programming more racially sensitive;
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
The loosening of social attitudes in wartime was nothing compared with what was to come. One cultural battlefield was race. The stationing of 130,000 African-American GIs in Britain had obliged the BBC to make its programming more racially sensitive;
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Even bigger battles were waged ____ sex.
folha 4 do curso de aprofundamento
Even bigger battles were waged over sex.
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The BBC was to blame for a national “moral collapse” in the 1960s and 1970s, believed Mary Whitehouse, a legendary campaigner against “permissiveness” ____ television.
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The BBC was to blame for a national “moral collapse” in the 1960s and 1970s, believed Mary Whitehouse, a legendary campaigner against “permissiveness” on television.
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When Yoko Ono read a poem about her miscarriage on the radio in 1968, the chairman of the BBC’s governors, Charles Hill, objected ____ the grounds that she and John Lennon were not married.
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When Yoko Ono read a poem about her miscarriage on the radio in 1968, the chairman of the BBC’s governors, Charles Hill, objected on the grounds that she and John Lennon were not married.
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Earlier it had launched “That Was the Week That Was”, part ____ a national boom in satire that included Private Eye magazine and the “Beyond the Fringe” stage show.
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Earlier it had launched “That Was the Week That Was”, part of a national boom in satire that included Private Eye magazine and the “Beyond the Fringe” stage show.
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A sense of anti-authoritarian impertinence became so ingrained at the corporation that the Sunday Telegraph noted the rise ____ an “anti-Establishment establishment”, an echo of today’s right-wing complaints about the liberal elite.
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A sense of anti-authoritarian impertinence became so ingrained at the corporation that the Sunday Telegraph noted the rise of an “anti-Establishment establishment”, an echo of today’s right-wing complaints about the liberal elite.
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Palace officials enforced a boundary of 30 feet (nine metres), but hadn’t reckoned ____ zoom lenses, which the BBC swapped ____ after the rehearsals.
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Palace officials enforced a boundary of 30 feet (nine metres), but hadn’t reckoned on zoom lenses, which the BBC swapped in after the rehearsals.
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Mr Hendy, a professor ____ the University of Sussex, combines a historian’s sense of sweep ____ the eye for colour of the tv producer he once was.
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Mr Hendy, a professor at the University of Sussex, combines a historian’s sense of sweep with the eye for colour of the tv producer he once was.
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Still, in its 100 years the BBC has shown a knack ____ survival. Winston Churchill and Thatcher both tried to nobble it, and failed. Commercial television stations outperformed the BBC ____ first, before it developed more popular programming. The age of YouTube presents a challenge ____ a broadcaster that aims ____ inform and educate, as well as entertain.
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Still, in its 100 years the BBC has shown a knack for survival. Winston Churchill and Thatcher both tried to nobble it, and failed. Commercial television stations outperformed the BBC at first, before it developed more popular programming. The age of YouTube presents a challenge to a broadcaster that aims to inform and educate, as well as entertain.
Difference between at the end and in the end.
At the end presupposes a defined duration, with beginning, middle and end, and is usually followed by the preposition of. Ex.: at the end of the movie; at the end of the year.
In the end means eventually.
🔥 The same logic is true of in the beginning and at the beginning (of).
Complete with the correct collocation:
Is it a peak, a stutter or just a brief pause? Time will tell. But whatever it is, ____ February 11th the International Energy Agency (IEA), an intergovernmental organisation which collects such data, announced that emissions of carbon dioxide in 2019 which were related ____ energy had remained the same (33.3bn tonnes) ____ the previous year’s.
folha 5 do curso de aprofundamento
Is it a peak, a stutter or just a brief pause? Time will tell. But whatever it is, on February 11th the International Energy Agency (IEA), an intergovernmental organisation which collects such data, announced that emissions of carbon dioxide in 2019 which were related to energy had remained the same (33.3bn tonnes) as the previous year’s.
Place the correct collocation:
Energy-related emissions, which include those produced by electricity generation, heating and transport, account ____ more than 70% of the world’s industrial COz pollution. The stall seems to have been caused by a decline ____ coal use, particularly ____ rich countries, combined with an increase ____ the use of renewable power.
folha 5 do curso de aprofundamento
Energy-related emissions, which include those produced by electricity generation, heating and transport, account for more than 70% of the world’s industrial COz pollution. The stall seems to have been caused by a decline in coal use, particularly in rich countries, combined with an increase in the use of renewable power.
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As a result of this the CO-intensity of electricity generation - a measure of how much of the gas is emitted per kilowatt-hour of juice produced — fell ____ nearly 6.5%, to 340 grams of COz per kilowatt-hour. It had already been falling, but this is three times the average ____ the past decade.
folha 5 do curso de aprofundamento
As a result of this the CO-intensity of electricity generation - a measure of how much of the gas is emitted per kilowatt-hour of juice produced — fell by nearly 6.5%, to 340 grams of COz per kilowatt-hour. It had already been falling, but this is three times the average for the past decade.
Place the correct collocation:
In addition to changes ____ coal use, a sluggish economy may have played a part and the data show that milder than usual weather caused a perceptible drop ____ emissions from several countries with large, carbon-hungry economies.
folha 5 do curso de aprofundamento
In addition to changes in coal use, a sluggish economy may have played a part and the data show that milder than usual weather caused a perceptible drop in emissions from several countries with large, carbon-hungry economies.
Put the correct collocation:
Halfway through “Parasite”, the Kims (pictured), a family of grifters who live ____ a dank Seoul basement, have by hook (…). Twisty as the plot has already been, viewers know more surprises must be ____ store — but can scarcely imagine what they will be. The screwball shifts ____ tone somehow cohere into a biting parable of haves and have-nots.
Halfway through = strong collocation
Halfway through “Parasite”, the Kims (pictured), a family of grifters who live in a dank Seoul basement, have by hook (…). Twisty as the plot has already been, viewers know more surprises must be in store — but can scarcely imagine what they will be. The screwball shifts in tone somehow cohere into a biting parable of haves and have-nots.
Place the correct collocation:
“Once you overcome the one-inch tall barrier of subtitles,” Mr Bong has observed, “you will be introduced ____ many more amazing films.” The success of “Parasite” has been seen ____ a harbinger of the rise of global cinema ____ the Anglophone world, and of South Korea’s rich film industry ____ particular. During the administration of Park Geun-hye, from 2013 to 2017, officials kept tabs on him because of his politics; state funding was unavailable ____ his work. Being blacklisted ____ this way, Mr Bong said just three years ago, was a “nightmare”.
kept tabs = strong collocation
“Once you overcome the one-inch tall barrier of subtitles,” Mr Bong has observed, “you will be introduced to many more amazing films.” The success of “Parasite” has been seen as a harbinger of the rise of global cinema in the Anglophone world, and of South Korea’s rich film industry in particular. During the administration of Park Geun-hye, from 2013 to 2017, officials kept tabs on him because of his politics; state funding was unavailable for his work. Being blacklisted in this way, Mr Bong said just three years ago, was a “nightmare”.
Place the correct collocation:
His rehabilitation chimes ____ political changes in South Korea. Ms Park’s lieutenants considered Mr Bong’s films unacceptably disrespectful ____ the state; more than 9,000 other artists and writers, many less able ____ support themselves, got the same treatment. ____ the end, the cultural McCarthyism did not help its enforcers. A newspaper revealed the existence of the blacklist in 2016; the resulting outrage contributed ____ Ms Park’s impeachment and eventual imprisonment ____ corruption and abuse of power, and the election of Mr Moon.
Nesse contexto, chimes with significa que algo está alinhado ou em harmonia com outra coisa. “Sua reabilitação está em sintonia com as mudanças políticas na Coreia do Sul.”
His rehabilitation chimes with political changes in South Korea. Ms Park’s lieutenants considered Mr Bong’s films unacceptably disrespectful of the state; more than 9,000 other artists and writers, many less able to support themselves, got the same treatment. In the end, the cultural McCarthyism did not help its enforcers. A newspaper revealed the existence of the blacklist in 2016; the resulting outrage contributed to Ms Park’s impeachment and eventual imprisonment for corruption and abuse of power, and the election of Mr Moon.
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Some conservatives are still wary ____ Mr Bong.
Some conservatives are still wary of Mr Bong.
Alguns conservadores ainda são cauteloso com o Sr. Bong,
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A pizza joint and supermarket that feature ____ the story were overrun by reporters.
A pizza joint and supermarket that feature in the story were overrun by reporters.
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They just cannot help noticing the odour that seems to emanate ____ the servants.
They just cannot help noticing the odour that seems to emanate from the servants.
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The poorest are left to feed ____ scraps.
The poorest are left to feed on scraps.
