Vocabulary Flashcards
Adaptive peaks:
Advantageous results of an adaptation that fails to provide a platform for beneficial future development. For example, parents might successfully punish a child when she has bad grades at school in order for her to have better results, but meanwhile, prevent her from developing a desire to learn that will last beyond school
Analogical framing:
Category of symbolic relational responses establishing the coordination or equivalence between two sets of relations. For example, in the sentence “Trying to deny your emotions is like trying to push a ball under water” there is a relation of equivalence between two conditional relationships (“if you deny your emotions, then they will come back” and “if you push a ball under the water, then it will come back”)
Augmenting:
Form of relational framing (i.e., language and cognition) leading to a new symbolic consequence, or to an alteration of the impact of an action’s apparent consequence. The consequence can become more or less aversive, and more or less desirable. For example, telling oneself, “I will work late tonight so that I won’t have to work this weekend and I will be able to relax” makes the consequence of working late more desirable. Connecting an action to a source of meaning is a form of augmenting (e.g., “I will spend the evening at home because it will contribute to building intimacy with my family”).
Combinatorial entailment:
A core principle of relational framing according to
which symbolic relations can be combined into networks. For example, if we learn that “silla” is the Spanish word for “chaise” in French, and that “chaise” is the equivalent of “chair” in English, then we can derive that “silla” means “chair.” Combinatorial entailment can emerge from an infinite number of relations, as long as there are at least two established relations connecting at least three events.
Comparative framing:
Category of symbolic relational responses establishing that an event is higher or lower than another or more events along a given dimension. For example, in the sentence, “The horse is bigger than the cat,” “horse” and “cat” are in a relation of comparison according to their sizes.
Conditional framing:
Category of symbolic relational responses establishing that an event conditions another or more events. For example, in the sentence, “If you open the window, it will be cooler in this room,” opening the window and the temperature of the room are in a relation of condition.
Context:
The historical and situational sources of influence on a person’s behaviors, including biological, social, and cultural bases, development and learning history, and the person’s current internal (cognitive and affective) and external environment. For example, a feeling of hunger that comes after several hours of not eating is a context likely to influence the behavior of eating
Context sensitivity
The degree to which we notice and respond to the various elements of the context.
Contextual cues:
Des éléments du contexte qui evoque des réponses à des relations symboliques ou qui en altèrent les caractéristiques.
Certains cues peuvent évoquer une relation symbolique particulière (called “Crel” for the “relational context” in RFT literature). For example, the cue “is” in the sentence, “The cat is black,” evokes a relational response of coordination between cat and black.
D’autres cues spécifient les fonctions pertinentes a la transformation de la fonction d’un stimulus. (called “Cfunc” for the “functional context” in RFT literature)—for example, the cue “smell” in the sentence, “What does the flower smell like?
Coordination framing:
Category of symbolic relational responses establishing two or more events as coming together. This might be justified, for example, by their equivalence, similarity, or compatibility. For example, in the sentence, “The cat is black,” “cat” and “black” are in a relation of coordination.
Deictic framing:
Category of symbolic relational responses establishing that an event is in a relation of reference or perspective with another or more events. For example, in the sentence, “I am right here behind you; I can see you there,” “I” and “you” are in a deictic relation (interpersonal perspective), as are “here” and “there” (spatial perspective)
Derivation:
The production of a symbolic relation that has not been directly trained. For example, if we are told that “chaise” means “chair” and that “chaise” means “silla” (directly trained relations), we are able to derive that “silla” means “chair” (not directly trained relation).
Distinction framing:
Category of symbolic relational responses establishing two or more events as different from each other. For example, in the sentence, “The cat is not black,” “cat” and “black” are in a relation of distinction.
Flexible sensitivity to the context:
Capacity to notice various features of the context and to respond to what is most relevant. For example, a driver stopping at a crossroad even though the light is green because a child is standing in the middle of the road would show flexible sensitivity to the context.
Function:
The function of a stimulus is its impact or effect on behavior. For example, a loud bell ringing may have the function of making one startle. The symbolic function of a stimulus can also be understood as the meaning of this stimulus due to relational framing. For example, the loud bell ringing could mean that class is over. The function of a behavior is the impact, or effect, it has on the context. For example, drinking alcohol can have the function of reducing anxiety
