Vocab Notes Flashcards
“De” (concerning/down from) always takes
The ablative
When “do” is used with an infinitive it means
Grants/allows
“Enim” (indeed, of course) placement
Can’t be first word of a clause, usually it is the second
As an adverb “et” means
Even
“Est” can mean
“He/she/it is”
Or
“There is” (erat/eritwill be there was/there will be)
Fourth principal part of sum
Futurus (future active participle) “going to be”
As “to be” can’t be passive
When “sum” is used as a linking verb
Same case proceeding and following it
The preposition “cum” (with) always takes
The ablative
How to say done “by” a person
A(ab)
How to say done “by” delay, “by” tears
Just ablative case
Case with “ad”
Accusative (the case of movement towards)
Case with “per”
Accusative
When does dubito mean hesitate and when doubt
Hesitate when used with an infinitive
Doubt otherwise
When does multus multa multum have its two meaning
Much- singular
Many - plural
What does oro may govern
Two accusatives:
- the thing begged for
- the person begged
He begged the queen for money
Reginam pecuniam oravit
How to use peto
If one asks someone for something, he is asking something FROM somebody Therefore a(ab) + ablative
His son asked Marcus for a gift
Natus donum a Marco petivit
How to say fight against
Pugno + cum
Pugno + cum
Means fight against, NOT fight with
Gratias agere
‘To thank’ someone
I thanked the queen
Gratias reginae egi
How to send something to someone
Mitto
Ad + accusative (not dative alone)
How to point something out to someone
monstro
Dative case
I shall point out the queen to the man
Reginam viro monstrabo
Passive of “video” (see)
Seem or be seem
Ante governs what case
Accusative case
Autem’s placement
Postpositive conjunction
Cannot be the first word in a clause
Debeo + infinitive
Ought
Impero governs what case
Governs the dative case
How to give a command to someone that he do something
Ut/ne + subjunctive + impero
The person ordered is in the dative
I order the woman to sing
Feminae ut canat impero
Perfect tenses of nosco/cognosco
Mean know
When someone has learned something he knows it
Post…quam
Just means “postquam”(after)
Multi socii Romanis in magno bello pugnaverunt
Two ways
Many (men) allied to the Romans fought in the great war
Many men fought in the great war as allies to the Romans
Et domini et servi pii ad aras deorum venerunt
Two ways
Both the dutiful masters and slaves came to the altars of the gods
Both the masters and slaves came to the altars of the gods as dutiful men
Careo governs what case
Ablative case
Opus est governs what cases
what is needed is put in the Nominative, Ablative, or occasionally Genitive case
person in need is in Dative
locus is masculine in singular but neuter in plural
If plural masculine locus does occur what does it mean?
refers to passages of literature or the points of an argument.
suffix -tas -tatis
a feminine endings of abstract nouns which indicates a quality or state
civitas -tatis: the “state of being a citizen” = “citizenship, state”
libertas -tatis: the “state of being free” = “freedom”
the two masculine nouns in the fifth declension
dies, diei (and a compound of dies)
meaning of feminine singular of dies
(it is mainly male)
used when a specific day is meant, or reference to time in general
such as longa dies “a long day”
when fructus -us M is used in the dative with sum
fructui esse = “to be an asset to”
Nauta reginae fructui erat
the saior was an asset to the queen
iacto
“throw” but also “boast”
Iubeo construction
only verb of ordering that does not use the construction for an indirect command (ut/ne + subjunctive)
rather, it uses an infinitive + accusative subject
the queen ordered the sailors to set sail
regina nautas vela dare iussit
to seek something from someone
a(ab)/de/ex + quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus
we asked that you not go home
quaesivimus ne domum ires
quaero may introduce an indirect command
we sought money from our friends
Pecuniam ab/de/ex amicis quaesivimus
Maiores, maiorum (the plural) means
ancestors
Quam can mean
how in exclamatory sense
with comparative= than
with superlative= as…as possible
feminine accusative singular relative pronoun/interrogative adjective
Quam pulchra est!
how beautiful she is!
Nam omnis populus regem timuit
for all the people feared the king
adjectives are sometimes better translated as
Humiles in tectum domini venimus
adverbs
“we, humble, came into the house of the master” = “we came humbly into the master’s house”
They approached first
–> they were the first to approach
primi accesserunt
What is proximus found with
often found with the daive
He was nearest the crowd
Proximus turbae fuit
what do similis and dissimilis govern
genitive or dative
we saw the animal on the top of the mountain
Animal in summo monte vidimus
what is so sweet as to having a very dear friend
having —> to have
Quid est tam dulce quam habere amicum carissimum
What does doceo govern
may govern two accusatives: that which is being taught, and the person being taught
We wish to teach many things to our children
Multa natos docere optamus
Fero in the third person can mean
“say, report”
Auctorem clarissimum inillo tecto ferunt vixisse
They say that the very famous author lived in that house
The very famous author is said to have lived in that house
Auctor clarissimus in illo tecto vixisse fertur
what does “iam” depend on
what does it mean
depends on the tense of the verb for its meaing
present tense= “now”
past tense= “up to now, already, by this time”
future: “soon”
Mos meaning in singular
custom
mos (mores) mean in plural
character (our customs make up our character)
virtus, virtutis meaning
“the state of being a man” = “manliness, courage, excellene, virtue”
what is credo, credere, credidi, creditus
what does it govern
intransitive verb which means “be trusting”
governs the dative case
we translate it as “believe, trust”
what does cupidus-a-um govern
an objective genitive
He was desirous of power
Cupidus imperii erat
Amicos hortati sumus ne huic homini crederent
we urged our friends not to believe this man
exceptions from the i-stem rule
iuvenis, iuvenis
parens, parentis
Do you want courage more than beauty?
Vitutemne forma mavis?
malo governing an accusative and ablative of comparison
Do you prefer courage to beauty?
Virtutemne forma mavis?
malo governing an accusative and ablative of comparison
minor meaning “threaten” governs what case (complex)
threaten something (Accusative) to a person/thing (dative) threaten person/thing (dative) with something(ablative)
The leader threatened the impious men with death (two ways)
Dux mortem impiis minatus est
Dux impiis morte minatus est
when “ut” is used with the indicative it means
“as” or “when”
Utor, uti, usus sum governs what case
ablative case
did you use your sword
Ferro usus es?
what deponents govern the ablative case
utor, uti, usus sum fruor, frui, fructus sum fungor, fungi, functus sum potior, potiri, potitus sum vescor, vesci, --,
The slaves took themselves to the altars of the gods
servi se ad deorum aras receperunt
Ops, opis in singular and plural
singular: power, strength, help
plural: “resources, wealth”
Te rogavi ne id faceres
I asked you that you not do that
rogo can mean to make a demand from someone as well as “Ask”
Te pecuniam rogo
I ask you for money
suffixes -ax -idus -ulus -ivus express
the action of the verb as a quality or tendency
suffixes -ilis -bilis express
passive qualities and occasionally active ones
suffixes -bundus -cundus express
a continuance of the act or quality expressed by the verb
