Indirect Statements Flashcards
How to make a direct statement indirect
Make the (nominative) subject accusative
Make the finite verb and infinitive
Nothing else changes
The tense of the infinitive
Relative to that of the main verb
Present - action occurring at the same time as main verb
Perfect - action that prior to that of the main verb
Future - action which will occur subsequent to that of the main verb
Dicit auroram terras novo lumine spargere
He says that dawn is sprinkling the lands with new light
Dixit auroram terras novo lumine spargere
He said that dawn was sprinkling the lands with new light
Dicet auroram terras novo lumine spargere
He will say that dawn is sprinkling the land with new light
Dicit auroram terras novo lumine sparsisse
He says that dawn (sprinkled) has sprinkled the lands with new light
Dixit auroram terras novo lumine sparsisse
He said that dawn had sprinkled the lands with new light
Dicet auroram terras novo lumine sparsisse
He will say that dawn has sprinkled (sprinkled) the lands with new light
He says that dawn will sprinkle the lands with new light
Dicit auroram terras novo lumine sparsuram esse
He said that dawn would sprinkle the lands with new light
Dixit auroram terras novo lumine sparsuram esse
He will say that dawn will sprinkle the lands with new light
Dicet auroram terras novo lumine sparsuram esse
What is an indirect statement
The original speakers ideas reported by someone else
A statement that follows verbs that express actions that take place in the head such as saying, thinking, seeing, perceiving, knowing
- the statement is often introduced by the english word “that”
Subordinate clauses in indirect statements verbs
are in the subjunctive
their tense is determined using tense sequence
this is because the person reporting the statement does not claim responsibility that what the subject says is true
The man whom you see desires money
Vir quem vides pecuniam optat
I say that the man whom you see (may see) desires money
Dico virum quem videas pecuniam optare
present subjunctive, primary sequence, simultaneous action after dico
I said that the ma whom you saw (might be seeing) desired money
Dixi virum quem videres pecuniam optare
imperfect subjunctive, secondary sequence, simultaneous action after dixi
Vir quem vidisti (videbas) pecuniam optat
The man whom you saw desires money
Dico virum quem videris pecuniam optare
I say that the man whom you saw (may have seen) desires money
(perfect subjunctive, primary sequence, prior action after dico)
Dixi virum quem vidisses pecuniam optare
I said that the man whom you had seen (might have seen) desired money
(pluperfect subjunctive, secondary sequence, prior action after dixi)
Dico virum quem vides pecuniam optare
(use of the indicative rather than the subjunctive)
I say that the man whom YOU ACTUALLY SEE (and I accept responsibility for this statement) desires money
