Uses Of NAGDA Flashcards
Puellam curae culpat
He blames the girl for her concern
genitive of the charge
Nautam pecuniae damnavit
He sentenced the sailor [of money] to pay money
genitive of the penalty
Verbs of accusing and condemning
Genitive
Expresses the charge or penalty
Ablative without a preposition
Expresses the means/instrument by which something is done
How to express manner
Ablative modified by an adjective (with or without cum) = way/manner
Ablative not modified by an adjective + cum = way/manner
You heard my wretched words with indulgence
Verba misera cum venia audivisti
Ablative of manner
you heard my wretched words with great indulgence
Verba misera magna (cum) venia audivisti
Ablative of manner
The sailors fight with swords
We see by means of our eyes
He frightened the women with a torch
“With” here is equivalent to “by means of”
Nautae gladiis pugnant
Oculis videmus
Feminas taeda terruit
Ablative of means (instrument)
Person who performs a passive verb
Ablative of personal agent
Expressed in the ablative, preceded by a(ab)
Note that this is a person and not an object (ablative of means)
The girl is frightened by the queen
Puella a regina terretur
Ablative of personal agent
The personal agent
A(ab) + ablative case
The personal agent of the passive periphrastic
Expressed by the dative case without a preposition
The poet must be seen by the queen
Poeta reginae videndus est
Reginae is in dative case
(Dative of agent with the passive periphrastic)
The possessor with forms of the verb “sum”
Dative is used to show possession
Possessor is put in the dative case
The crown is the queen’s
Corona est reginae
Reginae is dative
(Dative of the possessor)
The friend has a book
Liber est amico
Amico is dative
(Dative of possessor)
What are verbs that express or imply separation or deprivation accompanied by
Accompanied by the ablative case
A(ab), e(ex), de are sometimes used, often the ablative is alone
Ablative of separation
The men freed the inhabitants of the island from slavery
Homines incolas insulae SERVITUTE liberaverunt
Ablative of separation
Oedipus, because he was not free from care, deprived himself of his eyes
Oedipus, quod liber (e) CURA non erat, se OCULIS privavit
What does the verb “careo” take?
Takes an ablative of separation
How to express origin or descent
Ablative
How to express place from which
A(ab), e(ex), de + ablative
Names of towns, cities, small islands; “domus,” “rus” take no preposition.
He came from Italy
He came from Rome
Ab italia venit
Roma venit
Aeneas is the son from a goddess
Aeneas (e) dea natus est
How is place to which expressed
Ad + accusative
No preposition used for names of towns, cities, small islands; “domus,” “rus”
How is Accompaniment expressed
cum + ablative
He comes to the city with his friend
Ad urbem cum amico venit
ablative of accompaniment
Ad urbem mecum venit
He comes to the city with me
Ablative of accompaniment
How is time when expressed
Ablative
How is time within which exressed
ablative
Illo tempore miser erat
At that time he was unhappy
ablative of time when
Quinque annis hoc opus perficiet
Within five years he will complete this task
ablative of time within which
how is duration of time expressed
accusative
answers the question “for how long?”
how is extent of space expressed
accusative
answers the question “for how long?”
Quinque annos miser erat
for five years he was unhappy
accusative of duration of time
quinque pedes ad dextram ambulavit
he walked five feet to the right
accusative of extent of space
the respect with which a statement is true is expressed by
ablative
Haec femina specie pulchra est
This woman is beautiful in (respect to) appearance
ablative of respect
In my opinion, they will accomplish nothing
In RESPECT TO my opinion..
Mea sententia nihil perficient
(ablative of respect)
double dative
two datives appearing in close proximity
- one denotes the purpose with reference to which the action/idea expressed in the clause occurs
- the other denotes the person or thing with reference to whom or which the action/idea is relevant
Filii matri fructui sunt
The sons are (for the purpose of) an asset (with reference) to their mother
-the sons are an asset to their mother
(double dative)
he came to the city to save me
for the purpose of…with reference to
Ad urbem saluti mihi venit
(double dative)
The opinion of the evil man was a danger to the state
for the purpose of…with reference
Opinio mali periculo erat civitati
(double dative)
How to make comparisons
with quam “than”, has the same case before it as after it
or ablative + the comparative adjective
He said that his father was taller than the guest
Dixit patrem esse altiorem quam hospitem
comparison with quam
pater est altior quam egoo
the father is taller than I
comparison with quam
Pater eius est altior hospite
His father is taller than the guest
ablative of comparison
How to express degree of difference
ablative used to express the degree in which two things differ
found with the superlative when there is an implicit comparative judgement being made
His father is taller than the guest by a foot
Pater eius est pede altior hospite
Pater eius est pede altior quam hospes
Nunc multo felicior est
Now he is much happier
He is by far the best of all who are fighting
Multo optimus ex omnibus pugnantibus est
how to express a whole group
genitive (the word on which the genitive depends expresses the part)
or e(ex)/de + ablative (especially when the part is a cardinal numeral)
the bravest of all the soldiers came to me
Fortissimus omnium militum ad me venit
partitive genitive
Multi hominum opiniones sapientium laudant
Many of the men praise the opinions of the wise
partitive genitive
Quinque ex militibus domum venerunt
Five of the soldiers came home
ablative partitive
HE has enough money
SAtis pecuniae habet
He has more money than you
Plus pecuniae habet quam tu
How is cause expressed
ablative
or “ob”/”propter” + accusative
translated as “because of”
Clamare gaudio coepit
She began to shout because of joy
Ablative of Cause
They were praised because of their beauty
Forma laudabantur
Ablative of Cause
Propter metum feminas interfecit
He killed the women on account of fear
How is Description expressed (quality of another noun)
noun in ABLATIVE or GENITIVE modified by an adjective
A man of great wisdom (two ways)
Vir magna sapientia/Vir magnae sapientiae
Ablative and Genitive of Description
verbal idea understood in nouns/adjectives of feeling or action
what is the object and subject
object of the verbal idea: objective genitive
noun that is its subject: subjective genitive
amor patriae
love of the native land
objective genitive
native land is loved, patriae is the object of the verbal idea understood in amor
metus belli
fear of war
objective genitive
desirous of money
cupidus(-a -um) pecuniae
(the subject desires money)
(objective genitive)
feminae amor patriae
the woman’s love of her native land
(the woman is doing the loving and therefore feminae is the SUBJECTIVE GENITIVE) the woman (subject) loves her native land (object
how to give a characteristic
a genitive noun (can be modified by an adjective)
“It is the mark of”
Hominis sapientis est libros legere
IT is the mark of a wise man to read books
It is the mark of a good man to praise the gods
Boni est deos laudare
