Independent Uses Of The Subjunctive Flashcards
Hortatory
present subjunctive is used to express an exhortation
mainly first person
veniamus!= let’s come!
negative jussive and hortatory subjunctives
introduced by ne
ne hoc faciat!
Let him not do this!
what is Potential subjunctive
xpresses an action which might possibly or conceivably occur
Haec credas
you would (could, might) believe these things
potential subjunctive
present potentiality
present (sometimes perfect) subjunctive is used
future potentiality
present (sometimes perfect) subjunctive used
Fratrem mei misereri nolim
I would not wish my brother to pity me
future potentiality
(misereor takes genitive to express its object, objective genitive mei)
Dicas eum hominem bonum esse
you would say that he is a good man
you might say that he is a good man
(future potential)
how is past potential expressed
imperfect subjunctive
Crederes eum hominem bonum esse
you would have believed that he was a good man
you might have believed that he was a good man
(past potential)
negative of potential subjunctive
introduced by non
Optative subjunctive
A wish for the future which is capable of fulfilment
expressed by the present subjunctive
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Optative subjunctive can be introduced by
utinam or ut
negative optative subjunctive
introduced by utinam ne or ne
Utinam veniat!
Would that he were coming!
I wish he would come!
If only he would come!
(optative subjunctive)
Optative subjunctive incapable of fulfillment
present time: imperfect subjunctive
past time: pluperfect subjucntive
Utinam veniret!
Would that he were coming!
I wish he were coming!
If only he were coming!
(optative, present unfulfillable)
Utinam venisset!
Would that he had come!
I wish he had come!
If only he had come!
(optative, past unfulfillable)
Jussive
present subjunctive used to express a command
mainly third person
veniat!= let him come!
