Vocab - Islam Flashcards
Muhammad
- born to a powerful meccan family clan
- talented, charismatic, businessman, knows how to get along with all the different clans
Islam
“submission to the will of Allah”
Muslim
“one who has submitted”
Hijrah
the journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina
Mosque
place of worship, like a church
Hajj
pilgramage to mecca
Qu’ran
holy book of muslims
Muhammad’s revelations recieved from Gabriel
Sunna
Muhammad’s example
Shari’a
laws
combined Sunna + Qu’ran
Mecca
polytheistic, muhammad eventually took it over, resisted islam at first, muslims pray this way
Medina (Yathrib)
Muhammad moved there
Ka’aba
Abraham
Khadijah
- the daughter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad, a leader of the Quraysh tribe in Makkah and a successful businesswoman
- wife of muhammad
Dome of the Rock
Five Pillars of Islam
- Shahada - Faith
- Salat - Prayer
- Hajj - pilgrimage
- Sawm - Fasting
- Zakat - almsgiving/charity
core belief in islam
“There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God”
prayer in Islam
Muslims pray facing Mecca five times a day: at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and after dark
pilgrimage in Islam
For those Muslims who are physically and financially able to make the journey to Makkah, the Hajj is a once in a lifetime duty that is the peak of their religious life.
“People of the Book”
Jews and Christians
supposed to be treated kindly and tolerated
in the early days they had to face higher taxes
“Rightly Guided Caliphs”
Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali
Rashudin Caliphate
- the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
- ruled by the first four successive caliphs of Muhammad after his death in 632 CE.
Abu Bakr
first caliph
invoked jihad
Umar
Uthman
when he died, civil war began
Ali
last “rightly guided” caliph
murdered
end of caliphate and election of caliph
Umayyad
Mu’awiya I
rivaled Ali
Damascus
cultural center of islamic learning, leading city till baghdad, Umayyad Capital city
Abbasid
- murdured Umayyad family
- created string beurocracy
- acess to trade routes, gold, info abt far flung empire
- taxes
Baghdad
capital for Abbasids
Jihad
- a struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam
- they spread Islam through conquering
Shi’a
- Ali’s followers
- caliph had to be descended from Muhammad
- resisted Umayyad rule
- don’t recognize Summa authority and claim that the SUnni are misinterpretig passages of the Qu’ran
Sunni
- followers of Muhammad’s example (Sunna)
- didn’t outwardly resist Umayyad rule
- believe first four caliphs were “rightly guided”
Sufi
- rejected luxurious life of Umayyads
- pursued a life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual path
Fatimid
- formed by Shi’a muslims
- claimed descent from Muhammad’s daughter/sister?
Cordoban
The Caliphate of Córdoba also known as the Cordoban Caliphate was an Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 929 to 1031.
Al-Andalus
the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The term is used by modern historians for the former Islamic states in modern Spain and Portugal. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most of the peninsula and a part of present-day southern France,
Prince Abd Al Rahman
created an Umayyad caliphate in Spain, survived murder by Abbasids
Sakks
- Banks offered letters of credit to merchants
- checks
House of Wisdom
- library
- university
- ppl from all over the world came to offer and share knowledge
- located in Baghdad
Calligraphy
Social Classes
- Muslims at birth
- converts to Islam
- “protected people”
- slaves
Division in Caliphate
- Shi’a muslims believed that only he and his descendants were the rightful authority to rule the Muslim community.
- sunni muslims believe that Muhammad’s successor should be Abu Bakr
Astronomy
Astrolabe
Al-Razi
greatest physician of the world civilizations between 500-1500
Al-Khwarizmi
created Al-jabr
Alhambra
one of the most famous monuments of Islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic Islamic world,
Maimonides
magnum opus is his codification of Jewish law, which he called Mishneh Torah, or “second to the Torah.”
Ibn Rushd
criticized for trying the blend Aristotle and Plato’s views
“Ideal Man”
umma
Muslim religious community
