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WORLD HISTORY FINAL > City-States in Mesopotamia > Flashcards

City-States in Mesopotamia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Fertile Crescent, and why is it called that?

A
  • An arc of land that provided the best farming in Southwest Asia because of its shape and the richness of the soil
  • called that bc of its Curved shape and richness of the land
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2
Q

Name three disadvantages of Sumer’s
natural environment.

A
  1. Unpredictable flooding + a period of little rain
  2. No natural barriers for protection
  3. Natural resources were limited
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3
Q

Time Period

A

3500-1600 BC

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4
Q

Rivers

A

Euphrates and Tigris

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5
Q

Cities

A

Sumer, Uruk

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6
Q

Physical Boundaries

A

Rivers

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7
Q

Significant Figures

A

Enlil and Ugally, Hammurabi

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8
Q

Religious Foundation

A

Polytheistic

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9
Q

style of political/government rule

A

theocracy

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10
Q

define:

theocracy

A

leader makes decisions about cities’ religion

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11
Q

Notable Achievements

A

Irrigation, agriculture, cuneiform, rule of laws

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12
Q

reason for collapse/end

A

The Babylonian Empire overtook them

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13
Q

Mesopotamia

A

Land between two rivers

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14
Q

Silt

A

the dirt left behind when the rivers flooded

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15
Q

Cuneiform

A

the mesopotamian writing system

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16
Q

Ziggurat

A

pyramid-like monuments and temples for the gods

17
Q

City-State

A

A city and its surrounding land that it controlled like countries are governed today

18
Q

Tigris

A

one of the two rivers that border mesopotamia. flows on the north and east side

19
Q

Euphrates

A

one of the two rivers that border mesopotamia, flows on the south and west side

20
Q

Zagros Mtns are located where?

A

north and east side of mesopotamia, right behind the tigris river

21
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

the only fertile area (place you can plant in) in the place (surrounded by deserts)

22
Q

cultural diffusion

A

When ideas/things are spread from culture to culture

23
Q

polytheism

A

the belief in many gods

24
Q

dynasty

A

A line of successors that is passed down from father to son

25
Q

Persian Gulf

A

located under mesopotamia

26
Q

Ur

A

a major city in mesopotamia that controlled much of the trade into Mesopotamia

27
Q

sumer

A

the earliest known region of southern mesopotamia

28
Q

uruk

A

the capital city of giglamesh, a large city-state, trade, specialization of crafts and teh evolution of writing

29
Q

Nippur

A

ancient sumarian city, the religious center of mesopotamia

30
Q

Babylon

A

the amorites invaded mesopotamia and made babylon their capital, hammurabi ruled in its peak

31
Q

Hammurabi

A

made a code of laws, sixth king in the babylon dynasty

32
Q

what were hammurabi’s laws abt?

A
  • Deals with everything that affected his community
    - Family relations
    - Business conduct
    - Crime
  • based on “an eye for an eye”
33
Q

What were the positives of mesopotamia?

A
  • The silt that you get from flooding
  • Writing (cuneiform)
  • Writing leads to history
  • Trade, which led them to be the first territorial kingdom
  • Taxes → stable social orders
  • Hammarabi’s code introduced the “presumption of innocence”
  • “Brutal, terrifying, efficient army”
34
Q

What were the negatives of mesopotamia?

A
  • Conflict between people and city
  • Unpredictable flooding
  • Hammarabi’s code was built on “an eye for an eye”, but could be unjust
  • Empires are hard to unify
  • They had to conquer cities in order to please the gods
35
Q

Central Institutions (government, religion, law, etc)

A
  • created ziggurats to worship the gods and had priests that could connect with them as rulers
  • had a code of laws to establish order once an empire emerged.
36
Q

Record Keeping

A
  • written records in cuneiform for taxes and debts, trading, and record keeping for current events that were dramatic and note-worthy.
37
Q

Innovative Technology

A
  • the irrigation systems
  • bronze
  • the wheel for pottery.
38
Q

Specialized Workers

A

People could do things other than farming with the surplus of food. That’s how specialized workers came to be. Two examples of these specialized workers are artists and scribes.

39
Q

King Sargon of Akkad

A

created the first empire

WORLD HISTORY FINAL (32 decks)

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