Civilization Flashcards
What economic changes resulted from food
surpluses in agricultural villages?
- freed some villagers to persue other jobs
- the creation of many jobs started a social structure and an organized religion
- growth in population
Why did the growth of civilization make
government necessary?
- to maintian order
- keep people in check
- leads to an organized and better civilization
Why did a system of record-keeping
develop in civilizations?
- governer officials had to document
- tax collections
- the passage of laws
- the storage of grain - for preists to keep track of
- the calendar
- important rituals - merchants had to record
- accounts of debts and payments
their system of writing was called cuneiform
Specialization
people specialized in jobs once there was a surplus in food
artisan
skilled workers who made goods by hand
craftspeople
- created value products
- pottery
- metal objects
- woven cloth
institution
a long-lasting pattern of organization in a community
- an established law, practice, or custom
- like government, religion, economy
scribe
- Professional record keepers
- Invented cuneiform
cuneiform
- A system of writing
- Means “wedge-shaped”
Bronze Age
- “people began using bronze, rather than copper and stone, to fashion tools and weapons.”
- started in Sumer around 3000 BC
barter
Trading goods and services without money
ziggurat
- temple
- Monument
- Pyramid-shaped
- Means “Mountain of god”
tools they used
- Hoes
- Sickles
- Plow sticks
A civilization is defined as a complex culture with five characteristics
- Advanced cities
- Specialized workers
- Complex institutions
- Record keeping
- Advanced technology
The difference between a city and a civilization
- Cities were birthplaces of the first civilizations
- A city is the center of trade for a larger area
During the old stone age
“prehistoric people’s religious beliefs centered around nature, animal spirits, and some idea of an afterlife.”
