Hominids Flashcards
The hominids in order
- Australopithecines
- Homo-habilis
- homo-erectus
- neanderthals
- Cro-Magnon
Australopithecines
crawling, the first hominid
Homo-habilis (man of skill)
First to make stone tools
Homo-erectus
- Traveled to europe
- used intelligence to develop technology—ways of applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs.
- Gradually became skillful hunters and invented more sophisticated tools for digging, scraping, and cutting.
- They eventually became the first hominids to migrate from Africa.
- The first to use fire
- may have developed the beginnings of spoken language
- might have named objects, places, animals, and plants and exchanged ideas
Neanderthals
- First to actually bury their dead and to do it with rituals
- To cut up and skin their prey, they fashioned stone blades, scrapers, and other tools.
- gift of musical expression
Cro-Magnon
- created art and have the largest brain size out of all - the human and humanlike beings migrated from North Africa to Europe and Asia
- planned their hunts
- studied animals’ habits and stalked their prey.
- Evidently, their superior hunting strategies allowed them to survive more easily
- This may have caused their population to increase at a slightly faster rate and eventually replace the Neanderthals
- had advanced skill in spoken language may also have helped them to plan more difficult projects.
- identical to modern humans
Homo-Sapiens
men of knowledge
us
what happened during the agricultural revolution?
- Changed from hunter-gatherers to farmers
- Settled down
- Had more food
- men and women both worked in the field
- Created civilizations
- Growth in population
- Diseases spread
- More people could be wiped out due to it
- Natural disasters occured
- They couldn’t move away from them
What makes humans the dominant species?
- our brainsis what makes our species so dominant
- Inventions
- passing culture down
- working together in numbers
we found the earliest data and remains in…
Africa
hominids migrated from where to where?
Africa→Europe→America
location and climate can affect the course of history by
giving civilizations good agriculture and protection and wiping out ones that don’t have good location, resources, or climate.
define
Civilization
A Complex culture that has developed these five things:
- record keeping
- advanced cities
- specialized workers
- complex institutions
- advanced technology
define
Culture
- behaviors, actions, ways, and attributes that a particular group learns over time from their ancestors and passes down to the next generation
- Groups develope culture for their own survival
- the difference between a civilization and a culture is a written record
cultural diffusion
The spread of cultures from their areas of origin to other localities
five themes of geography
- movement
- location
- place
- region
- human-environment interaction
Four geographic Features that Affect Cultures
- Climate
- location
- resources
- stability
Historiography
the study of historical writing
Anthropology
The study of prehistoric people and cultures
Archeology
the study of ancient artifacts
paleontology
The study of ancient remains
artifact
A prehistoric man made object
Prehistory
the period of time before written records
Domestication
the process of taming an animal and keeping it as a pet or on a farm
Paleolithic Age
- 2.5 million to 8000 BC
- all hominids except for homo-sapiens lived in this era
- Old stone age
- hunting animals or foraging for wild vegetation.
Neolithic Era
- 800 BC to 3000 BC
- People who lived during this second phase of the Stone Age learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops, and raise animals.
- agriculture/farming
Why must the study of world history be flexible?
The study of world history must be flexible because the more we discover, the more theories we create about our past. History is set in stone, but our knowledge of it isn’t.
catal huyuk
- Some negative results humans learned about living in settlements like this one is that there are many natural disasters and diseases that can wipe of large groups of people/colonies very easily.
- located on a fertile plain in south-central Turkey.
Jericho
- They created a wall
- They were not a civilization
- They ceased to exist, but other groups of people came along and rebuilt the wall
Skara Brae
- created jewelry
- had a tiny village
- had stone axes and spears
- made decorated clay pots
- made clothing from animal skins
- Created tombs/graves for the dead
Early Chinese Cultures
- Mayu have developed a pottery wheel
- Pots and bowls were buried with the dead
- No social structure dividing the poor from the wealthy
Stonehenge
- Stonehenge is a circle of large standing stones paired with smaller bluestones in a field in southwestern England.
- People have theorized what these stones were for, but no one really knows for sure
“New laser technology helps to support more recent theories that Stonehenge was built to align with the summer and winter solstices.” - the Neolithic people may have believed Stonehenge to be a place of healing.
Superhenge
- Archaeologists believe that “Superhenge” may have been built around the same time as Stonehenge, probably about 5,000 years ago.
- there could be 30 to 90 large stones underground, standing in a row.
Yangshou
There was no difference between the wealthy and the poor; They were not separated based on class.
What have scientists learned about Cro-Magnon that proves they were an advanced species of prehistoric hominids?
they developed stronger understanding of a language, they planned their hunts, they created advances tools, they migrated to Europe and Asia, and they looked just like us
