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Hunt 141 > vitamins/ minerals > Flashcards

vitamins/ minerals Flashcards

1
Q

what are some examples of water soluble vitamins

A

B vitamin and vitamin C

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2
Q

what are some examples of fat soluble vitamins

A

vitamin A, D, E, k

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3
Q

what is the absorption of water soluble vitamins

A

directly into the blood

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4
Q

what is the absorption of fat soluble vitamins

A

first lymph then blood

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5
Q

what is the transport of water soluble vitamin

A

travel freely

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6
Q

what is the transport of fat soluble vitamin

A

protein carriers

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7
Q

what is the storage for water soluble vitamin

A

circulates freely in aqueous

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8
Q

what is the storage for fat soluble vitamins

A

cells

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9
Q

what is the excretion for water soluble vitamins

A

easily

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10
Q

what is the excretion for fat soluble vitamins

A

reamin in fat storage cites - so less readily available

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11
Q

what is the toxicity for both water and fat soluble vitamins

A

possible from supplements

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12
Q

what is the intake time for water soluble vitamin

A

day 1-3

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13
Q

what is the intake for fat soluble vitamin

A

weeks to months

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14
Q

what is the role of water soluble vitamins in energy metabolism and what vitamin is most important

A

involved in enzymes with energy release and storage
B vitamins

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15
Q

when are folate (b9)supplements recommended

A

for pregnancy to reduce neural tube defects

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16
Q

what cured men who had scurvy

A

oranges and limes = vitamin C

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17
Q

if someone had small skin hemorrhages around hair follicules, largeer bruises in muscles, internal hemorrhages then what deficiency would this be

A

vitamin C

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18
Q

what is the main form od vitaminC

A

L-ascorbic acid, reduced form

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19
Q

the rich food sources of vitamin C is

A

fruit and vegetables - including potaotos

20
Q

where is the vitamin C absorbed

A

small intestine by active transport

21
Q

what is vitamin A a generic term that describe what

A

retinol and related structures and the pro-vitamin A carotenoid

22
Q

what doe retinoids include

A

retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid

23
Q

what are plant pigments - e.g. what makes plants colourful

A

carotenoids
- acts as antioxidants

24
Q

what is the activity of retinol described as

A

retinol equivalent

25
Q

1 RE = how many beta-carotene

A

6

26
Q

what are the main functions that vitamins help with the body

A

eye (healthy corneas, vision), reproduction, growth, health of epithelial tissue and skin, immunity

27
Q

what are the two roles of vitamin A w/ vision

A

1, key component of visual cycle
2. health of epithelial cell

28
Q

11 cis retinal is a component of chromophore found in two types of light receptors what are these

A

rod cells, cone cells

29
Q

what intensity of the light are the rod cells

A

low light intensity

30
Q

what intensity of light are cone cells

A

higher light and colour

31
Q

the 2nd role of vitamin A w/ vision is health of epithelial cells why is this important

A

retinoic acid needs to keep eye moist because the first sign of vitamin A defiency is dry eyes

32
Q

what is the spot called if you have a dry eye

A

bitot spot

33
Q

what does lack of vitamin A cause

A

night blindness - inability to see light

34
Q

what are good sources of retinoids

A

liver
milk, butter, cheese, egg yolk, some fatty fish

35
Q

what are some good sources of carotenoids

A

dark leafy vegetables
yellow, orange colours vegetables and fruit

36
Q

what is keratinisation

A

symptom of vitamin A deficiency - changes in epithelial cell and rough , dry, and scaly skin

37
Q

how can vitamin A and beta-carotene toxicity occur w/ concentrated amount of pre formend vit A from

A

animal foods or supplements

38
Q

Birth defects (teratogen), acute: variety but can cause deathm chrinic: variety of effects, discolouration of skin from beta-carotene are symptoms of what

A

vitamin A toxicity

39
Q

where is vitamin K found

A

found in green plants

40
Q

what re the main functions of vitamin K

A

blood cloting, bone metabolism, inflammation, prevents oxidative damage in brain

41
Q

deficiency and toxicity from diet is rare what vitamin is this talking about

A

vitamin K

42
Q

what are the functions of vitamin E

A

soluble antioxidant, stabilises cell membrane, protects plasma lipoprotein from oxidative dmage

43
Q

what are some sources of vitamin E in foods

A

green leafy vegetables, whole grain foods, polyunsaturated, nuts and seeds

44
Q

for vitamine A, beta-carotene and cancer scientific rational from observational studies shows

A

inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and cancer

45
Q

what can B vitamin niacin defiency cause

A

dementia

46
Q

what can a lack of vitamin D cause

A

retard bone growth

47
Q

what does B vitamin folate help prevent

A

birth defects

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