vitamins/ minerals Flashcards
what are some examples of water soluble vitamins
B vitamin and vitamin C
what are some examples of fat soluble vitamins
vitamin A, D, E, k
what is the absorption of water soluble vitamins
directly into the blood
what is the absorption of fat soluble vitamins
first lymph then blood
what is the transport of water soluble vitamin
travel freely
what is the transport of fat soluble vitamin
protein carriers
what is the storage for water soluble vitamin
circulates freely in aqueous
what is the storage for fat soluble vitamins
cells
what is the excretion for water soluble vitamins
easily
what is the excretion for fat soluble vitamins
reamin in fat storage cites - so less readily available
what is the toxicity for both water and fat soluble vitamins
possible from supplements
what is the intake time for water soluble vitamin
day 1-3
what is the intake for fat soluble vitamin
weeks to months
what is the role of water soluble vitamins in energy metabolism and what vitamin is most important
involved in enzymes with energy release and storage
B vitamins
when are folate (b9)supplements recommended
for pregnancy to reduce neural tube defects
what cured men who had scurvy
oranges and limes = vitamin C
if someone had small skin hemorrhages around hair follicules, largeer bruises in muscles, internal hemorrhages then what deficiency would this be
vitamin C
what is the main form od vitaminC
L-ascorbic acid, reduced form
the rich food sources of vitamin C is
fruit and vegetables - including potaotos
where is the vitamin C absorbed
small intestine by active transport
what is vitamin A a generic term that describe what
retinol and related structures and the pro-vitamin A carotenoid
what doe retinoids include
retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid
what are plant pigments - e.g. what makes plants colourful
carotenoids
- acts as antioxidants
what is the activity of retinol described as
retinol equivalent
1 RE = how many beta-carotene
6
what are the main functions that vitamins help with the body
eye (healthy corneas, vision), reproduction, growth, health of epithelial tissue and skin, immunity
what are the two roles of vitamin A w/ vision
1, key component of visual cycle
2. health of epithelial cell
11 cis retinal is a component of chromophore found in two types of light receptors what are these
rod cells, cone cells
what intensity of the light are the rod cells
low light intensity
what intensity of light are cone cells
higher light and colour
the 2nd role of vitamin A w/ vision is health of epithelial cells why is this important
retinoic acid needs to keep eye moist because the first sign of vitamin A defiency is dry eyes
what is the spot called if you have a dry eye
bitot spot
what does lack of vitamin A cause
night blindness - inability to see light
what are good sources of retinoids
liver
milk, butter, cheese, egg yolk, some fatty fish
what are some good sources of carotenoids
dark leafy vegetables
yellow, orange colours vegetables and fruit
what is keratinisation
symptom of vitamin A deficiency - changes in epithelial cell and rough , dry, and scaly skin
how can vitamin A and beta-carotene toxicity occur w/ concentrated amount of pre formend vit A from
animal foods or supplements
Birth defects (teratogen), acute: variety but can cause deathm chrinic: variety of effects, discolouration of skin from beta-carotene are symptoms of what
vitamin A toxicity
where is vitamin K found
found in green plants
what re the main functions of vitamin K
blood cloting, bone metabolism, inflammation, prevents oxidative damage in brain
deficiency and toxicity from diet is rare what vitamin is this talking about
vitamin K
what are the functions of vitamin E
soluble antioxidant, stabilises cell membrane, protects plasma lipoprotein from oxidative dmage
what are some sources of vitamin E in foods
green leafy vegetables, whole grain foods, polyunsaturated, nuts and seeds
for vitamine A, beta-carotene and cancer scientific rational from observational studies shows
inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and cancer
what can B vitamin niacin defiency cause
dementia
what can a lack of vitamin D cause
retard bone growth
what does B vitamin folate help prevent
birth defects
