Lipids/fats

Question 1

what macronutrient provide energy

Answer 1

carbs, fat, protein, alcohol (not nutrient but does provide energy)

Question 2

what is the definition a lipid

Answer 2

any class of organic compound that fatty acids, insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Question 3

are natural oils, waxes and steroids considers as lipids

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

what is the function of lipids

Answer 4

source of energy

Question 5

function of lipid can provide ____ to maintain body temp

Answer 5

insulation

Question 6

what is the order of fats and lipids (diagram)

Answer 6

beta oxidation > acetyl CoA > citric acid cycle > electron transport chain
beta oxidation > acetyl CoA > lipogenesis > fat/lipid

Question 7

what are the 5 main types of lipids

Answer 7

• triglycerides
• fatty acids
• phospholipids
• sterols (sex hormones)
• fat soluble vitamins

Question 8

what are the two types of phospholipids

Answer 8

sphingolipids
prostaglandins

Question 9

triglycerides have how much of dietary lipid

Answer 9

> 90%

Question 10

what is the structural component of triglyceride

Answer 10

glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 10

what is the structural component of triglyceride

Answer 10

glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 11

how are 3 fatty acids bound to glycerol

Answer 11

dehydration synthesis

Question 12

what is an ester bond

Answer 12

the structural component of triglycerides

Question 13

what is the definition of fatty acids

Answer 13

chains of carbon molecules with methyl group at one end of the chain and carboxyl group at the other end of the chain

Question 14

what can fatty acids relate to

Answer 14

building blocks

Question 15

what end to you count carbons from

Answer 15

methyl/omega end

Question 16

what are the 3 key parts of a fatty acid

Answer 16

1. length of chain
2. double bonds
3. position of 1st double from methyl

Question 17

short chain fatty acid has how many carbons

Answer 17

C2-C6

Question 18

medium chain fatty acid has how many carbons

Answer 18

C8-C12

Question 19

long chain fatty acid has how many carbons

Answer 19

> 14

Question 20

very long chain fatty acid has how many carbons

Answer 20

> 22

Question 21

how long are most fatty acids in the diet

Answer 21

C10-C22
medium -very long

Question 22

what is the affect of the number of double bonds

Answer 22

affects melting point

Question 23

how many double bond does saturated fats have

Answer 23

none - w/ hydrogen

Question 24

1 double bonds means it will what kind of fat

Answer 24

monounsaturated

Question 25

more than one double bond means it will be what kind of fat

Answer 25

polyunsaturated

Question 26

what kind of fat does trans fatty acids act like

Answer 26

saturated fats

Question 27

if a fatty acid has C18:0 what does this mean and which one is it

Answer 27

18 carbons, zero double bons = saturated fate

Question 28

if a fatty acid has C18:1n-9 what does this mean and which one is it

Answer 28

18 carbons: 1 double bond (double bond located 9 from carbons from methyl end) = monounsaturated fat

Question 29

if a fatty acid has C18:3n-3 what does this mean and which one is it

Answer 29

18 carbons, 3 double bonds (each double bond has 3 carbons inbetween) = polyunsaturated

Question 30

essential fatty acid humans are not able to make a double bond w/ the first ___ carbons from methyl end

Answer 30

6

Question 31

what are some deficiency symptoms of EFA

Answer 31

growth retardation, reproductive failure, skin lesions, kidney and liver disorders, visual problems

Question 32

T/F triglyceride will have one fatty acid attached to the glycerol backbone

Answer 32

false will have a mixture

Question 33

what allows phospholipids to have a unique role in the body

Answer 33

chemical structures

Question 34

phosphate part of phospholipids is hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Answer 34

hydrophilic ( water loving)

Question 35

fatty acid part of phospholipids is hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Answer 35

hydrophobic (water hatting

Question 36

where are sphingolipid primarily found

Answer 36

in the brain and nervous tissue

Question 37

sterols have a multiple ring structure T/F

Answer 37

true

Question 38

where are sterols found in

Answer 38

plants and animal foods

Question 39

what are sterols the starting material for

Answer 39

bile acids, sex hormones, vitamin D

Question 40

cholesterol is only found where

Answer 40

in animal food

Question 41

what is a high source of fats

Answer 41

Butter, margarine

Question 42

what is the recommended intake for saturated fats

Answer 42

no more than 10% of energy

Question 43

lipid digestion process

Answer 43

chewing > solid fats liquefy > formation of fat globules > lingual lipase released in mouth > bile acids released from gallbladder

Question 44

what is the substance digested in lipases

Answer 44

fats emulsified by bile

Question 45

what process starts when fat get absorbed

Answer 45

glycoprotein

Question 46

where does dietary fat adventially go

Answer 46

liver

Question 47

what is the definition of lipoprotein

Answer 47

biochemical assembly group whose purpose is to transport hydrophobic lipid molecules in water as in blood or extracellular fluid

Question 48

what is albumin role in lipid transport

Answer 48

transport free fatty acids from adipose tissue to peripheral tissue

Question 49

in 2009-2019 what disease caused the most deaths

Answer 49

heart disease

Question 50

what are some strategies to increase the proportion of women in CVD

Answer 50

- be inclusive - exchange knowledge - meet women in community - remove barrier

Question 51

why we need fats

Answer 51

brain development, support absorption of vitamins, structural component of cells, healthy heat, source of energy

Question 52

what type of fat is coconut oil and butter high in

Answer 52

saturated fat

Question 53

what type of fat is olive oil high in

Answer 53

monounsaturated fat

Question 54

what type of fat is sunflower and safflower oil high in

Answer 54

omega-6

Question 55

what type of fat is flaxseed oil high in

Answer 55

omega-3

Question 56

what are some dietary recommendation for oils

Answer 56

- oils from unprocessed foods e.g. nuts - replace SFA w/ MUFA and PUFA - genetic modification

Question 57

when does a food not need to be labelled as Genetically modifyed

Answer 57

when the food has been processed to remove all genetically modifies DNA or protein and doesn't not have altered characteristics

Question 58

how do SFA affect our health

Answer 58

negatively affect LDL (bad) cholesterol levels which increase risk of heart disease

Question 59

how does trans-fatty acids affect health

Answer 59

negatively affect blood lipids which increase the risk of heart disease more than saturated fat

Question 60

how does MUFA and PUFA affect our health

Answer 60

unsaturated fats can improve cholesterol levels and reduce risk of heart disease

Question 61

how does margarine and butter differ in ingredients

Answer 61

margarine = high process butter = small ingredients

Question 62

what is margarine high in and increased what diseases

Answer 62

trans-fatty acids increases CVD

Question 63

what is hydrogenation technique

Answer 63

taking vegetable oil and turning them into margarine - adding back hydrogen - less double bonds, cis bonds become trans-bonds

Question 64

why doesn't margarine decompose as quickly as butter

Answer 64

because is contains milk = source of protein that micro-organisms thrive in

Question 65

why might margarine be better than butter - even though butter is seen as more natural and "better"

Answer 65

margarine replaces SFA with MUFA and PUFA

Question 66

what is the better option margerine or butter

Answer 66

hard to determine because both have positives and negatives but... do you need spreads?