Mid term Flashcards
Vegetarians Don’t eat ___ but do eat ___
NOT: meat, fish
EAT: eggs and dairy
Vegan don’t eat
No animal foods or foods w/ animal products
how common in NZ is vegetarians and vegan
vegetarians = 5%
Vegan = 1%
Complementary proteins are
different foods that contain protein that have different limiting amino acids
What is an example of complementary proteins
combining grains and legumes in the same meal
What have we found in 2022 about complementary proteins
you don’t need complementary protein in every meal
what is the first step in metabolism of alcohol involve
the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
What is the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
that rate of limiting step
how many grams of alcohol per hr can be converted to acetaldehyde
5-10 grams
what are the factors affecting alcohol
- quantity
- sex
- size
- genetics
- heavier drinker
- presence of food
out of : glucose, fructose and galactose which one is the sweetest
fructose
how many monosaccharides create a disaccharide
2: di = duo = two
what pair of monosaccharides will always occur in a disaccharide
glucose
Maltose s produced by the…
germination of seed and fermentation
sucrose is refined
sugar cane and sugar beets
S and S
lactose is
milk products
What is Non starch polysaccharide (NSP) or resistant starch
• Not broken down by enzymes in small intestines
what is the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients
macro: (provide energy)
- protein
- fat
- alcohol
- CHO
- water (no energy)
micro: measured in small quantities = grams and miligrams
- vitamins
- minerals e.g. sodium
what is heart burn
a spinchter is releases chyme and goes up to the oesophagus. This causes an acid reflux, and because it is near the heart that is why it is called a heartburn
What does Glycaemic load do both off that gives a more accurate picture about how food impacts your blood sugar
- How quickly it makes glucose enter the blood stream
- how much glucose preserving it can deliver
saturated fatty acids have how many double bonds
NO double bond complex
Monounsaturated fatty acids have how many double bonds
ONE and it is in the middle
Polyunsaturated fatty acids have how many double bonds
have MULIPLE double bonds
Cis fatty acids have hydrogen on the
Same side of the complex
Trans fatty acids have hydrogen on
opposite sides of the complex
Trans fatty acid don’t have
a double bond as the act more like saturated fat, melting point also changes
recommended intake for saturated fat
no more than 10%
recommended intake for sodium
<2000mg/day
How many NRV’s does protein have- what are they
2
EAR and RDI
what is a lipid
organic compound that are fatty acids or involve the derivatives
are lipids soluble or insoluble in water
insoluble
What is the atwater factor for fat
37%
what is the atwater factor for Carbs and protein
17 kJ /gram
What is the atwater factor for alcohol
29kJ/gram
what is probiotics
Bacteria found in food e.g. yoghurt
what are prebotics
food like apples used in the intestinal tract
