sodium/ potassium Flashcards
main dietary sources of sodium- from NZ total diet study (2016)
majority from grains, spreads, eggs
is sodium regulated into the body
no
- well absorbed
what is the function of having sodium in the body
main cation in EcF, primary regular of ECF volume, maintain acid-bases balance, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction
what do you lose sodium through
sweat
what kind of toxicity is common
chronic
does the kidneys capacity to excrete sodium decline w/ age
yes
sodium increase blood plasma e.g. you fell thirsty, if eat salty nuts
what is hypertension
a disease whereby someone has higher than normal blood pressure
what can hypertension damage
blood vessels which increases risk of heart disease renal disease
what is the relationship between increase blood pressure and increase heart disease with sodium in the diet
linear increase relationship e.g. if blood pressure increases so will heart disease
what causes hypertension
genetics, increase age increase B, increase BMI, smoking, stress, sodium, caffeine, potassium, calcium diet
what do you look at to diagnosis if they have hypertension
tell them to quit smoking, lose weight, exercise - then refer to diet
before 1988 with studies of Na and BP what did this consist of
numerous small studies, dietary sodium, lack of standardisation
previous food industry would say no to worry about content of sodium why?
if there is less salts in food people won’t by it and be out of money
what did the INTERSALT 1988 study consist of
52 countries, Na excretion (24hr), BP correlates with weight, alcohol, age, sodium
what does the meta-analysis (1991) study consist of
78 trial
2x as effective in old people
what does DASH stand for
dietary approaches to stop hypertension
what are type of trial is the DASH
clinical intervention
what diet form the DASH1 (blood pressure) diet was better for you
fruits and vegetables + low fat dairy products diet
was the energy intake at similar levels for all three groups in DASH 1study
yes
in the DASH 2 diet their is a focus on sodium which diet was better for you
DASH diet (combination diet) + low sodium
why a people not worried about sodium
people living longer, lifestyle factors, drugs highly effective at lowering BP
what food are high in potassium
fruit and vegetables
what are the functions of potassium
main cation inside cells, fluid and electrolyte balance, facilitates many reactions
what is the relationship between potassium and hypertension
inverse relationship
as potassium increases, CVD risk decreases
what type of diet is recommended for hypertension
high in potassium
what supplements can help reduce blood pressure
potassium
what supplements can help reduce blood pressure
potassium
what are changing views for a reductionist approach
- focus on individual nutrient
- pharmacological model
- dietary supplements
what is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet
processed foods
