sodium/ potassium Flashcards

1
Q

main dietary sources of sodium- from NZ total diet study (2016)

A

majority from grains, spreads, eggs

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2
Q

is sodium regulated into the body

A

no
- well absorbed

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3
Q

what is the function of having sodium in the body

A

main cation in EcF, primary regular of ECF volume, maintain acid-bases balance, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction

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4
Q

what do you lose sodium through

A

sweat

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5
Q

what kind of toxicity is common

A

chronic

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6
Q

does the kidneys capacity to excrete sodium decline w/ age

A

yes
sodium increase blood plasma e.g. you fell thirsty, if eat salty nuts

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7
Q

what is hypertension

A

a disease whereby someone has higher than normal blood pressure

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8
Q

what can hypertension damage

A

blood vessels which increases risk of heart disease renal disease

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9
Q

what is the relationship between increase blood pressure and increase heart disease with sodium in the diet

A

linear increase relationship e.g. if blood pressure increases so will heart disease

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10
Q

what causes hypertension

A

genetics, increase age increase B, increase BMI, smoking, stress, sodium, caffeine, potassium, calcium diet

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11
Q

what do you look at to diagnosis if they have hypertension

A

tell them to quit smoking, lose weight, exercise - then refer to diet

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12
Q

before 1988 with studies of Na and BP what did this consist of

A

numerous small studies, dietary sodium, lack of standardisation

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13
Q

previous food industry would say no to worry about content of sodium why?

A

if there is less salts in food people won’t by it and be out of money

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14
Q

what did the INTERSALT 1988 study consist of

A

52 countries, Na excretion (24hr), BP correlates with weight, alcohol, age, sodium

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15
Q

what does the meta-analysis (1991) study consist of

A

78 trial
2x as effective in old people

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16
Q

what does DASH stand for

A

dietary approaches to stop hypertension

17
Q

what are type of trial is the DASH

A

clinical intervention

18
Q

what diet form the DASH1 (blood pressure) diet was better for you

A

fruits and vegetables + low fat dairy products diet

19
Q

was the energy intake at similar levels for all three groups in DASH 1study

A

yes

20
Q

in the DASH 2 diet their is a focus on sodium which diet was better for you

A

DASH diet (combination diet) + low sodium

21
Q

why a people not worried about sodium

A

people living longer, lifestyle factors, drugs highly effective at lowering BP

22
Q

what food are high in potassium

A

fruit and vegetables

23
Q

what are the functions of potassium

A

main cation inside cells, fluid and electrolyte balance, facilitates many reactions

24
Q

what is the relationship between potassium and hypertension

A

inverse relationship
as potassium increases, CVD risk decreases

25
Q

what type of diet is recommended for hypertension

A

high in potassium

26
Q

what supplements can help reduce blood pressure

A

potassium

26
Q

what supplements can help reduce blood pressure

A

potassium

27
Q

what are changing views for a reductionist approach

A
  • focus on individual nutrient
  • pharmacological model
  • dietary supplements
28
Q

what is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet

A

processed foods