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Hunt 141 > protein > Flashcards

protein Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition for protein

A

any class of nitrogen organic compounds which have large molecules composed of one or more long chain of amino acids, and are an essential part of all organisms

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2
Q

name a function of contractile protein

A

actin and myosin in a muscle

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3
Q

what is includes in a basic building block of a protein

A

20 different type of amino acids

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4
Q

what does the indispensable categories of amino acid mean

A

essential
n=9

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5
Q

what does the dispensable categories of amino acid mean

A

non-essential
n=5

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6
Q

what does the conditionally indispensable categories of amino acid mean

A

n=6

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7
Q

what is a the primary structure of a protein determined by

A

amino acids

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8
Q

what is a the secondary structure of a protein determined by

A

weak electrical attraction within polypeptides, provides strength and rigidity

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9
Q

what is a the tertiary structure of a protein consist of

A

polypeptide chain twist and folds: side groups attracted = intricate shape

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10
Q

what is a the quaternary structure of a protein interaction with

A

between multiple polypeptides e.g. haemoglobin

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11
Q

the different levels of protein structure only important within the organism not in the diet, why?

A

because for food your are just trying to absorb amino acids into the body

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12
Q

according to the NRV what % intake of energy from protein are you recommended

A

10%

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13
Q

what are the top 3 main sources where we get our protein from

A

Bread, poultry, milk

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14
Q

what is protein quality mean

A

How good?

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15
Q

what does protein quality lead to

A

essential amino acids digestibility

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16
Q

what is protein quantity

A

how much?

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17
Q

what does protein quantity lead to

A

minimum or more proportional to body weight

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18
Q

what meal do we usually have most of our protein

A

dinner

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19
Q

what is a amino acid pool and do we need to equally distribute our protein intake through the day

A

the amount of protein that you have and can reach in and grab some protein when you need it through out the day - because of this you don’t need to equally distribute your protein intake

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20
Q

what is a limiting amino acid

A

when essential amino acids is not provided in adequate amount in the diet, protein synthesis is limited to the rate at which the essential amino acid is available

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21
Q

what do essential amino acids then become

A

limiting amino acids

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22
Q

how is limiting amino acids like a rain barrel

A

it limits how much protein synthesis is used because the amino acid don’t provide it with the right amount it needs in the diet. Just like when a rain barrel fills up it has reached its capacity point

23
Q

what is a problem with protein quality

A

quality is superior, but these foods don’t always improve the quality of the diet or health
e.g. meat has high saturated fat

24
Q

what is a problem of protein quality and traditional scoring system

A

they favour animal protein as they test a single food - eat a range of plant protein throughout the day gives you essential amino acids

25
Q

what does it mean by complementary proteins

A

combine foods together to get whole amount of protein in a meal
- complement each other in a meal

26
Q

T/F what you eat over the ay is more important than what you eat in just one meal

A

true

27
Q

what do you have to take into consideration when determining protein quality

A

essential amino acids, digestibility and environmental impacts

28
Q

what are is the outline of protein digestion

A

chewing > physical and chemical digestion > food in stomach (HCl & pepsin)> pancreatic and intestinal proenzyme > proenzymes activated by enteropeptidase

29
Q

what are is the outline of protein digestion

A

chewing > physical and chemical digestion > food in stomach (HCl & pepsin)> pancreatic and intestinal proenzyme > proenzymes activated by enteropeptidase

30
Q

proenzymes activated by

A

enteropeptidase

31
Q

for protein metabolism what are peptides broken down to

A

amino acids in enterocytes

32
Q

where is amino acids transported to … via ….

A

liver via hepatic portal vein

33
Q

what are indispensable amino acids able to do

A

shift things around
- transamination

34
Q

what are the four possible fats for amino acid when it joins amino acid pool

A
  1. used to make a dispensable AA
  2. oxidised for energy
  3. used to make a new protein
  4. used to make other compounds
35
Q

if energy intake is a requirements then what will it be converted to

A

energy, protein and fat

36
Q

if energy intake exceeds what would the 5th possible fate for amino acids when joined to amino acid pool

A

amino acids can turn fat

37
Q

what is food hypersensitivity

A

allergy and reaction to foods

38
Q

what 3 things does food hypersensitivity include

A
  1. food aversion
  2. food intolerance
  3. food allergy
39
Q

what is food aversion

A

psychologically based food avoidance
- no reactions if food is hidden

40
Q

what is an example of food aversion

A

getting food poisoning and vomiting, so the next time you see the food you are disgusted by it

41
Q

what is food intolerance

A

any abnormal, non-psychologically mediated reaction to food

42
Q

what is an example of food intolerance

A

lactose intolerance (refusing to eat dairy)

43
Q

what is food allergy

A

group of disorders characterised by abnormal or exaggerated reproducible responses to specify food protein

44
Q

what is an example of food allergy

A

cane be allergic to cow milk by not lactose intolerant

45
Q

what is igE mediated reaction

A

rapid onset, involves skin, GIT, respiratory tract
- response to food
- IgE antibodies

46
Q

what is IgE medication reaction

A

symptoms results in hour-days, difficult to assess in clinical setting
- doesn’t involve IgE antibodies

47
Q

what is vegetarian diet

A

a person you doesn’t eat meat or fish by eats dairy

48
Q

if a person eats dairy but not meat of fish what diet do they have

A

lacto-vegetarian

49
Q

if a person doesn’t not eat any animal foods with animal products or may avoid the use of animal product what diet will they be having

A

vegan

50
Q

how common is vertarianism in NZ

A

5% vegetarian
1% vegan

51
Q

what are natural sources of protein

A

animal (meat, fish, dairy), plant protein (legumes, cereals)

52
Q

what are manufactured sources of protein

A

plant-based alternatives, “cultured meat”

53
Q

what are the key findings of the RCT protein content of weight gain etc during overeating study

A
  • eating more energy than you need = gain body fat
  • little protein in diet = reduction in lean body mass
  • recommendation of protein 10-35% USA or 15-25% NZ

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