Vitamins & deficiencies

Question 1

Thiamine (Vit-B1)

Answer 1

Functions:
Decarboxylation of α-keto acids (carbohydrate metabolism) Beriberi (peripheral neuropathy, heart failure)Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

• Beriberi (peripheral neuropathy, heart failure)
• Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 2

Riboflavin (Vit-B2)

Answer 2

Functions: Mitochondrial redox reactions (FMN, FAD)

• Cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis
• Normocytic anemia

Question 3

Niacin (Vit-B3)

Answer 3

Functions: Redox reactions (NAD/NADP)

• Pellagra (dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea)

Toxicity:
Flushing of Skin and Pruritis (Increased Prostaglandin production and cutaneous Vasolidation)

Question 4

Pantothenic acid (Vit-B5)

Answer 4

Functions: Acetylation reactions (CoA)

• Distal paresthesia (rare)

Question 5

Pyridoxine (Vit-B6)

Answer 5

Functions: Transamination of amino acids (amino acid synthesis)

• Peripheral neuropathy
• Cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis

Question 6

Biotin (Vit-B7)

Answer 6

Functions: Carboxylase reactions (CO2 carrier)

• Dermatitis, conjunctivitis, alopecia, neurologic changes

Question 7

Folate (Vit-B9)

Answer 7

Function: Hydroxymethyl/formyl carrier (purine & thymine synthesis)

• Megaloblastic anemia
• Neural tube defects (fetus)

Question 8

Cobalamin (Vit-B12)

Answer 8

Function: Isomerase & methyltransferase cofactor (DNA & methionine synthesis)

• Megaloblastic anemia
• Neurologic deficits

Question 9

Vitamin-C (Ascorbic acid)

Answer 9

Function: Hydroxylation of proline & lysine (collagen synthesis)

• Scurvy (perifollicular hemorrhage, gingivitis, muscle pain)

Question 10

Vitamin-A (Retinol)

Answer 10

Function:

• Vitamin A (retinol) deficiency is characterized by night blindness, xerophthalmia, and vulnerability to infection (especially measles).