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NURS 252 > vitamins and minerals: chapter 9 > Flashcards

vitamins and minerals: chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what vitamins are fat soluble

A

a, d, e, k

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2
Q

what food sources contain vitamin a

A

dairy products, eggs, meat, fish lier oils, carotenes

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3
Q

3 things vitamin a is needed for in the body

A

vision, normal cell growth, growth of bones and teeth

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4
Q

4 indications for vitamin a

A

increased demands in infants and pregnant women, acne, psoriasis, keratosis follicularis

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5
Q

3 signs of vitamin a deficiency

A

night blindness, weakness, increased risk of infection of mucus membranes

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6
Q

6 signs of vitamin a toxicity

A

irritability, drowsiness, vertigo, coma, vomiting, diarrhea, delirium

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7
Q

what 2 things is vitamin d needed for in the body

A

proper use of calcium and phosphorus, normal calcification of bone

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8
Q

which disorder is the result of vitamin d deficiency

A

rickets

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9
Q

what are 5 signs of rickets

A

soft bones, muscle pain, chest deformities, liver and spleen enlargement, enlarged skull

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10
Q

3 contraindications for the use of vitamin d

A

hypercalcemia, kidney dysfunction, kidney stones

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11
Q

4 symptoms of vitamin d toxicity

A

weakness, bone pain, dry mouth, metallic taste

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12
Q

2 mechanisms of action of vitamin e

A
  • protect polyunsaturated fatty acids which is a component of cell membranes
  • prevent deterioration of vitamin a and vitamin c
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13
Q

why is vitamin k needed in the body

A

blood clotting

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14
Q

which clotting factors does vitamin k facilitate synthesis of

A

II, VII, IX, X

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15
Q

2 indications for the administration of vitamin k

A

newborns due to malabsorption caused by not enough bile, reverse anti-coagulation in the overdose of warfarin

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16
Q

what are nursing considerations for the administration of vitamin k

A

dilute and give it over 30-60min if administering via iv

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17
Q

which vitamins are water soluble

A

vitamin b complex, vitamin c

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18
Q

another name for vitamin b1

A

thiamine

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19
Q

another name for vitamin b2

A

riboflavin

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20
Q

another name for vitamin b3

A

niacin

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21
Q

another name for vitamin b5

A

pantothenic acid

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22
Q

another name for vitamin b6

A

pyridoxine

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23
Q

another name for vitamin b9

A

folic acid

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24
Q

another name for vitamin b12

A

cyanocobalamin

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25
Q

another name for vitamin c

A

ascorbic acid

26
Q

what disease does vitamin b1 deficiency lead to

A

beriberi

27
Q

3 consequences of beriberi

A

brain lesions, abnormal collection of fluid in body tissues, cardiac anatomical changes

28
Q

what are 5 potential causes of low vitamin b1

A

poor diet, prolonged fever, liver disease, alcoholism, malabsorption, pregnancy and breastfeeding

29
Q

two things in the body that vitamin b1 is needed for

A
  • krebs cycle for carbohydrate metabolism

- maintain integrity of the peripheral nervous system, cv system, and gi tract

30
Q

3 things vitamin b2 is needed for in the body

A

tissue respiration, activate vitamin b6, maintain erythrocyte integrity

31
Q

3 things that may cause vitamin b2 deficiency

A

long-term infection, liver disease, alcoholism

32
Q

3 things the administration of vitamin b2 can be used to treat

A

acne, migraines, muscle cramps

33
Q

what can large doses of vitamin b2 cause

A

yellow-orange urine

34
Q

what does a deficiency of vitamin b3 cause

A

pellagra

35
Q

what are 4 signs of pellagra

A

psychotic disorders, crusting and erythema of skin, inflammation of mucosa, bloody diarrhea

36
Q

2 things vitamin b3 is needed for in the body

A
  • carb, protein, pruine, and lipid metabolism

- tissue respiration

37
Q

3 contraindications for vitamin b3

A

liver disease, severe hypotension, active peptic ulcer disease

38
Q

what can vitamin b6 deficiency lead to

A

sideroblastic anemia

39
Q

what 4 things can cause vitamin b6 deficiency

A

alcoholism, cirrhosis, malabsorption syndromes, heart failure

40
Q

4 things vitamin b6 is needed for in the body

A
  • protein, carb, and lipid utilization
  • synthesis of gaba
  • maintain hematopoietic system
  • maintain integrity of peripheral nerves, skin, and mucus membranes
41
Q

3 indications for vitamin b6

A

seizures unresponsive to usual therapy, morning sickness, metabolic disorders

42
Q

4 things vitamin b12 is needed for in the body

A
  • nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis
  • cell reproduction
  • normal growth
  • maintenance of normal erythropoiesis
43
Q

what can a deficiency in vitamin b12 lead to

A

neurological damage due to the inability to produce myelin

44
Q

what 2 things could cause a deficiency in vitamin b 12

A

malabsorption, poor dietary intake

45
Q

what can prolonged vitamin c deficiency lead to

A

scurvy

46
Q

what are 5 signs of scurvy

A

edema, gingivitis, bleeding gums, loss of teeth, delayed healing

47
Q

6 things vitamin c is needed for in the body

A
  • collagen synthesis
  • maintenance of connective tissue
  • tissue repair
  • erythropoiesis
  • enhance absorption of iron
  • synthesis of lipids, proteins, and steroids
48
Q

3 things calcium is needed for in the body

A
  • development and maintenance of bones and teeth
  • catalyst in the coagulation pathway
  • maintenance and function of nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems
49
Q

what 3 things can severe hypercalcium lead to

A

heart irregularities, delirium, coma

50
Q

what is the principle cation in the intracellular fluid

A

magnesium

51
Q

3 signs of hypomagnesia

A

cv disturbances, neuromuscular impairment, mental health disorders

52
Q

2 things magnesium is needed for in the body

A

muscle contraction, nerve function

53
Q

what effect can magnesium produce in terms of the neurological system. how

A

anticonvulsant effect by inhibiting neuromuscular transmission

54
Q

4 contraindications for the administration of magnesium

A

heart block, kidney failure, adrenal gland failure, hepatitis

55
Q

5 signs of hypermagnesia

A

loss of tendon reflexes, difficult bowel movements, cns depression, respiratory distress, heart block, hypothermia

56
Q

what 2 things can be used for the treatment of hypermagnesia

A

iv calcium salt and possibly furosemide

57
Q

3 things phosphorus is needed for in the body

A
  • synthesis of nucleic acids, AMP, ADP, and ATP
  • development of skeletal system and teeth
  • proper use of b vitamins
58
Q

2 things zinc is needed for in the body

A

normal tissue growth, tissue repair

59
Q

when should oral calcium be taken in consideration of meals

A

1-3hrs before meals

60
Q

what position should the patient maintain after an infusion of calcium. how long should they remain in this position

A

recumbent for 15min

61
Q

what is the antidote for magnesium toxicity

A

calcium gluconate

NURS 252 (18 decks)

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