vitamins and minerals: chapter 9

Question 1

what vitamins are fat soluble

Answer 1

a, d, e, k

Question 2

what food sources contain vitamin a

Answer 2

dairy products, eggs, meat, fish lier oils, carotenes

Question 3

3 things vitamin a is needed for in the body

Answer 3

vision, normal cell growth, growth of bones and teeth

Question 4

4 indications for vitamin a

Answer 4

increased demands in infants and pregnant women, acne, psoriasis, keratosis follicularis

Question 5

3 signs of vitamin a deficiency

Answer 5

night blindness, weakness, increased risk of infection of mucus membranes

Question 6

6 signs of vitamin a toxicity

Answer 6

irritability, drowsiness, vertigo, coma, vomiting, diarrhea, delirium

Question 7

what 2 things is vitamin d needed for in the body

Answer 7

proper use of calcium and phosphorus, normal calcification of bone

Question 8

which disorder is the result of vitamin d deficiency

Answer 8

rickets

Question 9

what are 5 signs of rickets

Answer 9

soft bones, muscle pain, chest deformities, liver and spleen enlargement, enlarged skull

Question 10

3 contraindications for the use of vitamin d

Answer 10

hypercalcemia, kidney dysfunction, kidney stones

Question 11

4 symptoms of vitamin d toxicity

Answer 11

weakness, bone pain, dry mouth, metallic taste

Question 12

2 mechanisms of action of vitamin e

Answer 12

• protect polyunsaturated fatty acids which is a component of cell membranes
• prevent deterioration of vitamin a and vitamin c

Question 13

why is vitamin k needed in the body

Answer 13

blood clotting

Question 14

which clotting factors does vitamin k facilitate synthesis of

Answer 14

II, VII, IX, X

Question 15

2 indications for the administration of vitamin k

Answer 15

newborns due to malabsorption caused by not enough bile, reverse anti-coagulation in the overdose of warfarin

Question 16

what are nursing considerations for the administration of vitamin k

Answer 16

dilute and give it over 30-60min if administering via iv

Question 17

which vitamins are water soluble

Answer 17

vitamin b complex, vitamin c

Question 18

another name for vitamin b1

Answer 18

thiamine

Question 19

another name for vitamin b2

Answer 19

riboflavin

Question 20

another name for vitamin b3

Answer 20

niacin

Question 21

another name for vitamin b5

Answer 21

pantothenic acid

Question 22

another name for vitamin b6

Answer 22

pyridoxine

Question 23

another name for vitamin b9

Answer 23

folic acid

Question 24

another name for vitamin b12

Answer 24

cyanocobalamin

Question 25

another name for vitamin c

Answer 25

ascorbic acid

Question 26

what disease does vitamin b1 deficiency lead to

Answer 26

beriberi

Question 27

3 consequences of beriberi

Answer 27

brain lesions, abnormal collection of fluid in body tissues, cardiac anatomical changes

Question 28

what are 5 potential causes of low vitamin b1

Answer 28

poor diet, prolonged fever, liver disease, alcoholism, malabsorption, pregnancy and breastfeeding

Question 29

two things in the body that vitamin b1 is needed for

Answer 29

- krebs cycle for carbohydrate metabolism | - maintain integrity of the peripheral nervous system, cv system, and gi tract

Question 30

3 things vitamin b2 is needed for in the body

Answer 30

tissue respiration, activate vitamin b6, maintain erythrocyte integrity

Question 31

3 things that may cause vitamin b2 deficiency

Answer 31

long-term infection, liver disease, alcoholism

Question 32

3 things the administration of vitamin b2 can be used to treat

Answer 32

acne, migraines, muscle cramps

Question 33

what can large doses of vitamin b2 cause

Answer 33

yellow-orange urine

Question 34

what does a deficiency of vitamin b3 cause

Answer 34

pellagra

Question 35

what are 4 signs of pellagra

Answer 35

psychotic disorders, crusting and erythema of skin, inflammation of mucosa, bloody diarrhea

Question 36

2 things vitamin b3 is needed for in the body

Answer 36

- carb, protein, pruine, and lipid metabolism | - tissue respiration

Question 37

3 contraindications for vitamin b3

Answer 37

liver disease, severe hypotension, active peptic ulcer disease

Question 38

what can vitamin b6 deficiency lead to

Answer 38

sideroblastic anemia

Question 39

what 4 things can cause vitamin b6 deficiency

Answer 39

alcoholism, cirrhosis, malabsorption syndromes, heart failure

Question 40

4 things vitamin b6 is needed for in the body

Answer 40

- protein, carb, and lipid utilization - synthesis of gaba - maintain hematopoietic system - maintain integrity of peripheral nerves, skin, and mucus membranes

Question 41

3 indications for vitamin b6

Answer 41

seizures unresponsive to usual therapy, morning sickness, metabolic disorders

Question 42

4 things vitamin b12 is needed for in the body

Answer 42

- nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis - cell reproduction - normal growth - maintenance of normal erythropoiesis

Question 43

what can a deficiency in vitamin b12 lead to

Answer 43

neurological damage due to the inability to produce myelin

Question 44

what 2 things could cause a deficiency in vitamin b 12

Answer 44

malabsorption, poor dietary intake

Question 45

what can prolonged vitamin c deficiency lead to

Answer 45

scurvy

Question 46

what are 5 signs of scurvy

Answer 46

edema, gingivitis, bleeding gums, loss of teeth, delayed healing

Question 47

6 things vitamin c is needed for in the body

Answer 47

- collagen synthesis - maintenance of connective tissue - tissue repair - erythropoiesis - enhance absorption of iron - synthesis of lipids, proteins, and steroids

Question 48

3 things calcium is needed for in the body

Answer 48

- development and maintenance of bones and teeth - catalyst in the coagulation pathway - maintenance and function of nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems

Question 49

what 3 things can severe hypercalcium lead to

Answer 49

heart irregularities, delirium, coma

Question 50

what is the principle cation in the intracellular fluid

Answer 50

magnesium

Question 51

3 signs of hypomagnesia

Answer 51

cv disturbances, neuromuscular impairment, mental health disorders

Question 52

2 things magnesium is needed for in the body

Answer 52

muscle contraction, nerve function

Question 53

what effect can magnesium produce in terms of the neurological system. how

Answer 53

anticonvulsant effect by inhibiting neuromuscular transmission

Question 54

4 contraindications for the administration of magnesium

Answer 54

heart block, kidney failure, adrenal gland failure, hepatitis

Question 55

5 signs of hypermagnesia

Answer 55

loss of tendon reflexes, difficult bowel movements, cns depression, respiratory distress, heart block, hypothermia

Question 56

what 2 things can be used for the treatment of hypermagnesia

Answer 56

iv calcium salt and possibly furosemide

Question 57

3 things phosphorus is needed for in the body

Answer 57

- synthesis of nucleic acids, AMP, ADP, and ATP - development of skeletal system and teeth - proper use of b vitamins

Question 58

2 things zinc is needed for in the body

Answer 58

normal tissue growth, tissue repair

Question 59

when should oral calcium be taken in consideration of meals

Answer 59

1-3hrs before meals

Question 60

what position should the patient maintain after an infusion of calcium. how long should they remain in this position

Answer 60

recumbent for 15min

Question 61

what is the antidote for magnesium toxicity

Answer 61

calcium gluconate