adrenal: chapter 34

Question 1

what steroid is released adrenal cortex

Answer 1

corticosteroids

Question 2

what are the 2 types of corticosteroids

Answer 2

glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids

Question 3

what are 4 glucocorticoids

Answer 3

hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone

Question 4

what drug is a mineralocorticoid

Answer 4

fludrocortisone 21-acetate

Question 5

general mechanism of action of adrenal drugs

Answer 5

bind to receptors to stimulate dna to produce mrna. this leads to the synthesis of proteins

Question 6

mechanism of action of mineralcorticoids

Answer 6

promote sodium reabsorption which increases water reabsorption, increase excretion of potassium and hydrogen

Question 7

how does sodium and water reabsorption have an effect on the body

Answer 7

causes fluid and water retention leading to edema and hypertension

Question 8

mechanism of actio of glucocorticoids

Answer 8

inhibit inflammatory and immune responses, decrease permeability of capillaries to immune cells

Question 9

how does the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids have an effect on the body

Answer 9

lower fever, increase blood sugar, stimulate bone demineralization due to reduced calcium reabsorption in skeletal cells

Question 10

6 contraindications for adrenal drugs

Answer 10

• galucoma
• peptic ulcer disease
• gi bleeding
• diabetes
• mental health concerns
• serious infection
• heart, kidney or liver dysfunction

Question 11

what is a key adverse effect of adrenal drugs

Answer 11

moon facies

Question 12

what causes moon facies

Answer 12

oversecretion of adrenocortocal hormones leading to cushing’s syndrome

Question 13

what is the main characteristic of moon facies

Answer 13

redistribution of body fat to the face, shoulders, and abdomen

Question 14

what are 3 cv adverse effects of adrenal drugs

Answer 14

heart failure, edema, impaired glucose tolerance

Question 15

what are 2 cn adverse effects of adrenal drugs

Answer 15

mental health changes, aggression

Question 16

what are 4 endo adverse effects of adrenal drugs

Answer 16

cushings syndrome, menstral irregularities, hyperglycemia, abnormal growth of hair on body

Question 17

what is 1 gi adverse effects of adrenal drugs

Answer 17

peptic ulcrs

Question 18

what is 1 integ adverse effects of adrenal drugs

Answer 18

skin hyperpigmentation

Question 19

what is 1 msk adverse effects of adrenal drugs

Answer 19

osteoporosis

Question 20

what is 1 immune system related adverse effects of adrenal drugs

Answer 20

opportunistic infection

Question 21

5 interactions of adrenal drugs

Answer 21

diuretics, nsaids, antidiabetic, antifungal, barbiturates

Question 22

why would corticosteroids not be giving to pregnant or nursing women

Answer 22

risk of fetal abnormalities or nursing infant abnormalities

Question 23

indication for fludrocortisone 21-acetate

Answer 23

replacement therapy for adrenocortical insufficiency in addisons disease

Question 24

contraindication for fludrocortisone 21-acetate

Answer 24

contraindicated in systemic fungal infection

Question 25

what type of glucocorticoid in prednisone (short, long, intermediate acting)

Answer 25

intermediate acting

Question 26

what is the preferred corticosteroid for anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant purposes

Answer 26

prednisone

Question 27

what is the liquid form of prednisone called

Answer 27

prednisolone

Question 28

which corticosteroid cannot be given to children younger than 28 days

Answer 28

methylprednisolone

Question 29

is methylprednisolone short, long, or intermediate acting

Answer 29

intermediate

Question 30

is hydrocortisone short, long, or intermediate acting

Answer 30

short

Question 31

why should serum sodium, potassium, and glucose levels be assessed before the administration of an adrenal drug

Answer 31

adrenal drugs can decrease potassium levels and increase glucose levels

Question 32

what is the best time of day to administer glucocorticoids. why

Answer 32

between 0600 and 0900 because it corresponds to peak hormone production

Question 33

what 4 things should be avoided while on an adrenal drug to decrease gastric effects

Answer 33

alcohol, caffeine, aspirin, nsaids

Question 34

what are 6 signs of adrenal insufficiency or addisons disease

Answer 34

headache, confusion, fever, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, tachycardia, diaphoresis, hypotension

Question 35

what must be done before using nasal sprays

Answer 35

clear the nasal passages

Question 36

what can inhaled glucocorticoids lead to. how can this be prevented

Answer 36

oral fungal infections, can be prevented by rinsing mouth with lukewarm water after each use

Question 37

what people should those using adrenal drugs avoid. why

Answer 37

people with known infections because they have a suppressed immune system

Question 38

what may the health care provider prescribe to an individual taking adrenal drugs. why

Answer 38

oral calcium and vitamin d supplements due to risk of osteoporosis

Question 39

what are 2 foods that are high in vitamin d

Answer 39

cod liver oil, salmon

Question 40

what are 4 foods that are high in calcium

Answer 40

milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream

Question 41

what diet may be prescribed for a patient taking adrenal drugs

Answer 41

a low sodium and high potassium diet