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NURS 252 > adrenal: chapter 34 > Flashcards

adrenal: chapter 34 Flashcards

1
Q

what steroid is released adrenal cortex

A

corticosteroids

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of corticosteroids

A

glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids

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3
Q

what are 4 glucocorticoids

A

hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone

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4
Q

what drug is a mineralocorticoid

A

fludrocortisone 21-acetate

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5
Q

general mechanism of action of adrenal drugs

A

bind to receptors to stimulate dna to produce mrna. this leads to the synthesis of proteins

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6
Q

mechanism of action of mineralcorticoids

A

promote sodium reabsorption which increases water reabsorption, increase excretion of potassium and hydrogen

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7
Q

how does sodium and water reabsorption have an effect on the body

A

causes fluid and water retention leading to edema and hypertension

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8
Q

mechanism of actio of glucocorticoids

A

inhibit inflammatory and immune responses, decrease permeability of capillaries to immune cells

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9
Q

how does the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids have an effect on the body

A

lower fever, increase blood sugar, stimulate bone demineralization due to reduced calcium reabsorption in skeletal cells

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10
Q

6 contraindications for adrenal drugs

A
  • galucoma
  • peptic ulcer disease
  • gi bleeding
  • diabetes
  • mental health concerns
  • serious infection
  • heart, kidney or liver dysfunction
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11
Q

what is a key adverse effect of adrenal drugs

A

moon facies

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12
Q

what causes moon facies

A

oversecretion of adrenocortocal hormones leading to cushing’s syndrome

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13
Q

what is the main characteristic of moon facies

A

redistribution of body fat to the face, shoulders, and abdomen

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14
Q

what are 3 cv adverse effects of adrenal drugs

A

heart failure, edema, impaired glucose tolerance

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15
Q

what are 2 cn adverse effects of adrenal drugs

A

mental health changes, aggression

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16
Q

what are 4 endo adverse effects of adrenal drugs

A

cushings syndrome, menstral irregularities, hyperglycemia, abnormal growth of hair on body

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17
Q

what is 1 gi adverse effects of adrenal drugs

A

peptic ulcrs

18
Q

what is 1 integ adverse effects of adrenal drugs

A

skin hyperpigmentation

19
Q

what is 1 msk adverse effects of adrenal drugs

A

osteoporosis

20
Q

what is 1 immune system related adverse effects of adrenal drugs

A

opportunistic infection

21
Q

5 interactions of adrenal drugs

A

diuretics, nsaids, antidiabetic, antifungal, barbiturates

22
Q

why would corticosteroids not be giving to pregnant or nursing women

A

risk of fetal abnormalities or nursing infant abnormalities

23
Q

indication for fludrocortisone 21-acetate

A

replacement therapy for adrenocortical insufficiency in addisons disease

24
Q

contraindication for fludrocortisone 21-acetate

A

contraindicated in systemic fungal infection

25
Q

what type of glucocorticoid in prednisone (short, long, intermediate acting)

A

intermediate acting

26
Q

what is the preferred corticosteroid for anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant purposes

A

prednisone

27
Q

what is the liquid form of prednisone called

A

prednisolone

28
Q

which corticosteroid cannot be given to children younger than 28 days

A

methylprednisolone

29
Q

is methylprednisolone short, long, or intermediate acting

A

intermediate

30
Q

is hydrocortisone short, long, or intermediate acting

A

short

31
Q

why should serum sodium, potassium, and glucose levels be assessed before the administration of an adrenal drug

A

adrenal drugs can decrease potassium levels and increase glucose levels

32
Q

what is the best time of day to administer glucocorticoids. why

A

between 0600 and 0900 because it corresponds to peak hormone production

33
Q

what 4 things should be avoided while on an adrenal drug to decrease gastric effects

A

alcohol, caffeine, aspirin, nsaids

34
Q

what are 6 signs of adrenal insufficiency or addisons disease

A

headache, confusion, fever, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, tachycardia, diaphoresis, hypotension

35
Q

what must be done before using nasal sprays

A

clear the nasal passages

36
Q

what can inhaled glucocorticoids lead to. how can this be prevented

A

oral fungal infections, can be prevented by rinsing mouth with lukewarm water after each use

37
Q

what people should those using adrenal drugs avoid. why

A

people with known infections because they have a suppressed immune system

38
Q

what may the health care provider prescribe to an individual taking adrenal drugs. why

A

oral calcium and vitamin d supplements due to risk of osteoporosis

39
Q

what are 2 foods that are high in vitamin d

A

cod liver oil, salmon

40
Q

what are 4 foods that are high in calcium

A

milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream

41
Q

what diet may be prescribed for a patient taking adrenal drugs

A

a low sodium and high potassium diet

NURS 252 (18 decks)

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